A Place On The Coast Where Boats Can Be Kept In Safety

Harbor A harbor is a body of water sheltered by natural or artificial barriers. Harbors can provide safe anchorage and permit the transfer of cargo and passengers between ships and the shore. A harbor is deep enough to keep ships from touching bottom and should give ships and boats enough room to turn and pass each other.

Dredging keeps shipping channels deep and free of silt, Dredging is the process of removing sand and sediment from the bed of a body of water. This deepens and often cleans the body of water. The earthen material dredged from harbors can be used for nearby facilities, like larger beaches or stronger breakwaters ( seawalls ).

Most harbors are natural. They are located along many types of coastline, They occur in fjords, coves, and lagoons, They also occur along lakeshores and in estuaries, where rivers empty into larger bodies of water. The harbors in North America’s Great Lakes, including Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Lake Ontario), and Chicago, Illinois, United States, (Lake Michigan), remain some of the busiest for industrial ship traffic.

Iron, steel, and timber are some of the raw materials shipped from manufacturing sites in the U.S.
And Canada.
America’s New York City has one of the world’s finest natural harbors.
The harbor has deep water, a small tidal range, and moderate currents,
A small tidal range means that the water level is fairly consistent.

There is little difference between high tide and low tide. Moderate currents mean movement of the water is predictable. This makes it easy for ships to maneuver, load and unload their cargo. Other cities with outstanding natural harbors are San Francisco, California, United States; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Sydney, Australia.

There are artificial harbors as well as natural ones. Breakwaters, huge walls of concrete, steel, and wire, are the most important element of artificial harbors. Breakwaters protect the harbor from storms and reduce the tidal range. The seabed in protected harbors is more likely to remain stable, although sediment from human activity is likely to accrete, or build up.

The harbor at Chennai, India, (formerly called Madras) relies on a series of artificial breakwaters. It is considered one of the finest artificial harbors in the world. Construction of the harbor began in the mid-1800s, and continued until the mid-1900s.

Now, the busy harbor im ports and exports such cargo as oil, cars, and consumer goods like clothes and software,
The Chennai harbor also loads and unloads thousands of tourists, from throughout India, Australia, and the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean (like Maldives and Seychelles.) Like Chennai, many harbors may serve as ports (artificial structures where ships load and unload cargo).

For this reason, they are often vital to trade, When they function as ports, harbors often have artificial structures such as docks or jetties, as well as lighthouses, buoys, and other aids to navigation, The large size of modern vessels requires that harbors have deep ship channels.

Harbors have played an important role in civilization ever since people began using boats and ships at sea. Some 2,000 years ago, for instance, the Roman leader in what was then Palestine created a magnificent harbor at his city Caesarea Maritima. The ruins of this harbor, called Sebastos, are located on the Mediterranean Sea in present-day Israel.

The Sebastos harbor relied heavily on breakwaters constructed from a unique form of concrete: a type of volcanic ash that hardened when mixed with seawater. These breakwaters at Sebastos were called moles. Sebastos set a standard for future harbors. Most harbors were not improved until the mid-1800s.

As commerce increased and ships grew bigger, enlarging and deepening harbors became necessary. Modern harbors range from small enclosures to huge commercial ports. Harbors can be one of the most polluted ocean ecosystems, Human activity from both land and sea contribute to the pollutants, Because harbors are partially enclosed, the pollution has nowhere to go.

It builds up in both the seawater and the sediment below. One source of pollution is ship discharge, This discharge can be anything from sewage and wastewater (used for cleaning) to chemical materials used for packing cargo. The cargo itself can break and spill into the water, releasing plastics, metals, and other toxic materials into the environment.

Contents

0.1 What is a place where ships can shelter called?
0.2 Where is the safe place for ships?
- 0.2.1 What is a place on the coast where ships dock?

1 What is an area around the coast to provide safety to ships?
- 1.1 What is a ship’s store called?
2 What is a ship room called?
3 What is the name of the place where ships are parked?
- - 3.0.1 What is the safest part of a ship?
4 Which is a place where ships shelter or unload their cargo?
5 What is the captain’s room called?
- - 5.0.1 What is a private room on a ship or a boat?
6 What is the name of the place where ships are parked?
- - 6.0.1 What is the place where ships are parked?
- 6.1 What is a mooring place called?

What is a place where ships can shelter called?

Ship harbor in Greece A harbor ( American English ) or harbour ( British English ) is a place where ships may shelter. Some harbours are used as port s to load and unload ships. The port will have quays or piers where the ships may be moored or tied up and a transport system for taking goods inland.

Where is the safe place for ships?

A place of refuge for ships is a safe harbor or other secure place where a ship in distress can safely be taken to ‘prevent further damage or deterioration of the ship’.

What is a place on the coast where ships dock?

Port A port is a landing place for ships on a coast, river, or lake. Ships dock at ports to load and unload their cargo and passengers. Earth Science, Oceanography, Geography A port is a docking place for ships on the coast of the ocean, a river, or a lake, Ships dock at ports to load and unload their cargo and passengers. Ports play a crucial role in transporting goods and raw materials, They are often categorized by their purpose.

For example, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia, is an oil port. Concarneau, France, is a fishing port. Gibraltar, a territory of Great Britain, is a naval port, used by the military, Nassau, Bahamas, is a cruise ship and tourism port. Ships usually have more than one port of call, or place where they dock. Before the construction of the Panama Canal, a ship traveling from the American cities of New York, New York, to San Francisco, California, would have dozens of ports of call around the coasts of North and South America.

These might include Miami, Florida, United States; Recife, Brazil; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Valparaiso, Chile; and Acapulco, Mexico. Cargo Ports Cargo ports are important commercial centers where water transportation and land transportation meet. Many goods, such as cars, oil, iron, and steel, are too heavy or unwieldy to be transported across long distances by plane, train, or truck.

Trains may transport such goods to a port, where they are loaded onto a ship.
Once on the ship, goods travel across the globe.
Some cargo ships are far too large to operate in a crowded port.
Tugboats are small, powerful boats that tug large ships behind them.
The tugboat can pull the heavier ship into port with greater ease than the ship could manage on its own.

Tugboats are familiar sights at many ports. The port of New Orleans, Louisiana, has been one of the busiest cargo ports in the United States for hundreds of years. This port connects the interior of the United States to the rest of the world through the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico.

The Mississippi moves more than 500 million tons of cargo every year. Thousands of ships dock along the Mississippi in New Orleans. Ships from the United States unload goods such as grain and other agricultural products from the Midwest, Ships from Latin America unload coffee and goods such as rubber,

Ships from Asia may bring goods like clothing or barrels of oil. Most cargo ports are warm-water ports, Warm-water ports are ports that remain ice-free all year. Even ports where the water is cold, such as New York or Vancouver, Canada, are warm-water ports.

Russia has thousands of miles of coast, and hundreds of ports, along the Arctic Ocean.
Almost all of these are cold-water ports,
They sometimes remain locked in ice for weeks or even months at a time.
Goods cannot be transported in or out of the port when it is blocked by ice.
Sailors cannot board or stay in submarines when the vessels are surrounded by ice.

Passenger Ports Some ports, such as the one in Dover, England, chiefly serve passengers. The port at Dover has been used by people for centuries because it provides the shortest sea crossing between England and Europe, at just over 32 kilometers (20 miles).

Passenger ports have traditionally been centers of communication,
Historically, ports brought the latest news, goods, and fashion from overseas.
People who live and work around busy ports are often familiar with foreign languages and cultures.
The port of New York was the gateway to the United States for millions of immigrants from Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, for instance.

Italian, Spanish, and Yiddish became familiar languages, while customs from Scandinavia and Russia mixed with Irish traditions. Ports can also play host to more dangerous types of communication. The brisk ports of the Mediterranean Sea have been part of trade routes for thousands of years, familiar to sailors and traders from Africa, Asia, and Europe.

In the 14th century, sailing vessels from the Black Sea landed at the port of Messina, Sicily.
Besides cargo like silk from China, rugs from Persia, and spices from Indonesia, the ships carried rats.
The disease on these rats, plague, spread quickly throughout all of Europe.
At least a quarter of the European population died from a form of the plague called the Black Death,

Fast Fact Paddle-to-the-Sea Paddle-to-the-Sea is a 1941 book by Holling C. Holling about a wooden model of a Native American visiting ports, including a sawmill and iron foundry, along the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River in Canada and the United States.

Fast Fact Port Authority A city or region’s port authority manages the activity of the region’s port.
Port authorities work with governments, industries, and the police to help promote the safe economic activity of the port.
Fast Fact Port and Starboard Port refers to the left side of a ship, when facing forward; starboard is the right side.

Fast Fact Tonnage In 2005 the Port of Shanghai, China, became the busiest port in the world. Shanghai includes a port on the Pacific Ocean as well as on the Yangtze River. Each year more than 560 million tons of cargo go through Shanghai’s port, and that number is still climbing.

Some of the world’s other busiest cargo ports include those at Singapore and in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Mary Crooks, National Geographic Society Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing, Emdash Editing National Geographic Society

What is an area around the coast to provide safety to ships?

According to IMO, ship place of refuge is a place where a vessel in distress can be safely taken to, in order to prevent further damage or deterioration of the ship.

What is a ship’s store called?

Ship chandler Retail dealer who specialises in ships’ supplies or equipment 1917 photograph of Marine Supply Co., Pier 1, Seattle. Ship Chandlery, Marine Hardware, Cannery and Engineers’ Supplies Deacons Boat Yard and Force 4 Chandlery, in Hampshire Boat Mary B.

What is a ship room called?

A cabin is a small room in a ship or boat. He showed her to a small cabin. Synonyms: room, berth, quarters, compartment More Synonyms of cabin.

What is the name of the place where ships are parked?

Glossary of Maritime Terms ABS: The American Bureau of Shipping is a U.S. classification society that certifies if a ship is in compliance with standard rules of construction and maintenance. anchorage: Port charge relating to a vessel moored at approved anchorage site in a harbor.

Apron: The area immediately in front of or behind a wharf shed on which cargo is lifted.
On the “front apron,” cargo is unloaded from or loaded onto a ship.
Behind the shed, cargo moves over the “rear apron” into and out of railroad cars.
Backhaul: To haul a shipment back over part of a route which it has already traveled; a marine transportation carrier’s return movement of cargo, usually opposite from the direction of its primary cargo distribution.

barge: A large, flat-bottomed boat used to carry cargo from a port to shallow-draft waterways. Barges have no locomotion and are pushed by towboats. A single, standard barge can hold 1,500 tons of cargo or as much as either 15 railroad cars or 60 trucks can carry.

A barge is 200 feet long, 35 feet wide and has a draft of 9 feet. Barges carry dry bulk (grain, coal, lumber, gravel, etc.) and liquid bulk (petroleum, vegetable oils, molasses, etc.). berth: (verb) To bring a ship to a berth. (noun) The wharf space at which a ship docks. A wharf may have two or three berths, depending on the length of incoming ships.

bill of lading: A contract between a shipper and carrier listing the terms for moving freight between specified points. Board of Commissioners: The members of the governing board of a port authority are called commissioners. Members of a Board of Commissioners can be elected or appointed and usually serve for several years.

Bollard: A line-securing device on a wharf around which mooring and berthing lines are fastened.
Bonded warehouse: A building designated by U.S.
Customs authorities for storage of goods without payment of duties to Customs until goods are removed.
Box: Slang term for a container.
Breakbulk cargo: Non-containerized general cargo stored in boxes, bales, pallets or other units to be loaded onto or discharged from ships or other forms of transportation.

(See also: bulk and container,) Examples include iron, steel, machinery, linerboard and woodpulp. bulk cargo: Loose cargo (dry or liquid) that is loaded (shoveled, scooped, forked, mechanically conveyed or pumped) in volume directly into a ship’s hold; e.g., grain, coal and oil.

bulkhead : A structure used to protect against shifting cargo and/or to separate the load. Buoys: Floats that warn of hazards such as rocks or shallow ground, to help ships maneuver through unfamiliar harbors. cabotage: Shipment of cargo between a nation’s ports is also called coastwise trade. The U.S.

and some other countries require such trade to be carried on domestic ships only. capacity: The available space for, or ability to handle, freight. captive cargo port: When most of a port’s inbound cargoes are being shipped short distances and most of its export products come from nearby areas, the port is called a captive cargo port.

(Contrast with a transit port,) cargo: The freight (goods, products) carried by a ship, barge, train, truck or plane. Carrier: An individual, partnership or corporation engaged in the business of transporting goods or passengers (See also: ocean carrier.) cartage: Originally the process of transporting by cart.

Today, the term is used for trucking or trucking fees. chandlers: Like a hotel at sea, a ship needs many supplies to operate and serve its crew- groceries; paper products; engine parts; electronics; hardware; etc. A chandler sells these supplies to the ship’s agent.

Originally, chandlers (candle makers) provided illumination to ships.
Over time they expanded the variety of products they could provide to ships.
Channels of distribution: The routes by which products are transported from origin to destination.
This includes the physical routes, as well as the different companies involved in ultimately delivering the goods to buyers.

checkers: See clerks, chock: A piece of wood or other material put next to cargo to prevent it from shifting. civil service: Some U.S., state, city and parish government jobs are protected under civil service systems which are designed to provide a degree of security to employees and to deter nepotism, political patronage and arbitrary treatment of workers.

Clerks: When cargo is unloaded from a ship, a clerk checks the actual count of the goods (number of boxes, drums, bundles, pipes, etc.) versus the amount listed on the ship’s manifest. He will note shortages, overages or damage. This is used to make claims if needed. common carrier: Trucking, railroad or barge lines that are licensed to transport goods or people nationwide are called common carriers.

Conference rate: Rates arrived at by conference of carriers applicable to water transportation. consignment: A shipment of goods. The buyer of this shipment is called the consignee; the seller of the goods is called the consignor. Consolidated Freight Station or Container Freight Station (CFS) – Location on terminal grounds where stuffing and stripping of containers is conducted.

consolidator: The person or firm that consolidates (combines) cargo from a number of shippers into a container that will deliver the goods to several buyers. container: A box made of aluminum, steel or fiberglass used to transport cargo by ship, rail, truck or barge. Common dimensions are 20′ x 8′ x 8′ (called a TEU or twenty-foot equivalent unit) or 40′ x 8′ x 8′, called an FEU.

Variations are collapsible containers, tank containers (for liquids) and “rag tops” (open-topped containers covered by a tarpaulin for cargo that sticks above the top of a closed box). In the container industry, containers are usually simply called boxes.

container freight station: The facility for stuffing and stripping a container of its cargo, especially for movement by railroad.
container chassis: A piece of equipment specifically designed for the movement of containers by highway to and from container terminals.
container crane: Usually, a rail-mounted gantry crane located on a wharf for the purpose of loading and unloading containers on vessels.

container terminal : A specialized facility where ocean container vessels dock to discharge and load containers, equipped with cranes with a safe lifting capacity of 35-40 tons, with booms having an outreach of up to 120 feet in order to reach the outside cells of vessels.

Most such cranes operate on rail tracks and have articulating rail trucks on each of their four legs, enabling them to traverse along the terminal and work various bays on the vessel and for more than one crane to work a single vessel simultaneously.
Most terminals have direct rail access and container storage areas, and are served by highway carriers.

containerization: The technique of using a container to store, protect and handle cargo while it is in transit. This shipping method has both greatly expedited the speed at which cargo is moved from origin to destination and lowered shipping costs. Container on Flat Car (COFC) – A container placed directly on a railroad flatcar without chassis.

contraband: Goods prohibited in trade (such as weapons going to Iran, anything to Cuba). Smuggled goods. Corps of Engineers: This department of the U.S. Army is responsible for flood protection and providing safe navigation channels. The Corps builds and maintains the levees, flood walls and spillways that keep major rivers out of low lying communities.

The Corps is vital to keeping navigation channels open by dredging sand, silt and gravel that accumulate on river and harbor bottoms. craft: A boat, ship or airplane. customs: A duty or tax on imported goods. These fees are a major bonus to the economy.

In 1999, for example, the U.S. Customs Department collected over $22 billion in fees nationally, which went into the U.S. Treasury. The Customs Department also works to prevent the importation of illegal drugs and contraband. customs broker: This person prepares the needed documentation for importing goods (just as a freight forwarder does for exports).

The broker is licensed by the Treasury Department to clear goods through U.S. Customs. Performs duties related to documentation, cargo clearance, coordination of inland and ocean transportation, dockside inspection of cargo, etc. (Also known as a customhouse broker.) Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT) : Maximum weight of a vessel including the vessel, cargo and ballast.

Deadhead: When a truck returning from a delivery has no return freight on the back haul, it is said to be in deadhead. deck barge : Transports heavy or oversize cargoes mounted to its top deck instead of inside a hold. Machinery, appliances, project cargoes and even recreational vehicles move on deck barges.

demurrage: A penalty fee assessed when cargo isn’t moved off a wharf before the free time allowance ends. dock: (verb) – To bring in a vessel to tie up at a wharf berth. (One parks a car, but docks a ship.) (noun) – A dock is a structure built along, or at an angle from, a navigable waterway so that vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo.

Sometimes, the whole wharf is informally called a dock.
Dockage: A charge by a port authority for the length of water frontage used by a vessel tied up at a wharf.
Draft: The depth of a loaded vessel in the water taken from the level of the waterline to the lowest point of the hull of the vessel; depth of water, or distance between the bottom of the ship and waterline.

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drayage: Transport by truck for short distances; e.g. from wharf to warehouse. dredge: (noun) A waterborne machine that removes unwanted silt accumulations from the bottom of a waterway. (verb) The process of removing sediment from harbor or river bottoms for safety purposes and to allow for deeper vessels.

dry bulk: Minerals or grains stored in loose piles moving without mark or count.
Examples are potash, industrial sands, wheat, soybeans and peanuts.
dunnage: Wood or other material used in stowing ship cargo to prevent its movement.
duty: A government tax on imported merchandise.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): The exchange of information through an electronic format. Electronic commerce has been under intensive development in the transportation industry to achieve a competitive advantage in international markets. elevator: A complex including storage facilities, computerized loading; inspection rooms and docks to load and unload dry bulk cargo such as grain or green coffee.

Export packers : Firms that securely pack export products into a container to crate to protect the cargo from damage during an ocean voyage. feeder service: Ocean transport system involving use of centralized ports to assemble and disseminate cargo to and from ports within a geographic area. Commodities are transported between major ports, then transferred to feeder vessels for further transport to a number of additional ports.

fender piles: The wooden or plastic pilings on the outer edge of the wharf function like the fenders on a car. They are there to absorb the shock of a ship as it docks at the wharf and to protect the structural pilings that actually support the wharf.

Fender piles are also called sacrifice piles since they are designed to be discarded after they are broken.
Fleeting: The area at which barges, towboats and tugs are berthed until needed.
The operation of building or dismantling barge tows.
Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) – Known in some countries as a free zone, a foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a site within the USA (in or near a U.S.

Customs port of entry) where foreign and domestic goods are held until they ready to be released into international commerce. If the final product is imported into the U.S., duties and taxes are not due until the goods are release into the U.S. market.

Merchandise may enter a FTZ without a formal Customs entry or the payment of Customs duties or government excise taxes. In the zone, goods may be: stored; tested; sampled; repackaged or relabeled; cleaned; combined with other products; repaired or assembled, etc. freight: Merchandise hauled by transportation lines.

freight forwarder: An individual or company that prepares the documentation and coordinates the movement and storage of export cargoes. See also Customs house broker. gantry crane: Track-mounted, shoreside crane utilized in the loading and unloading of breakbulk cargo, containers and heavy lift cargo.

Grain elevator: Facility at which bulk grain is unloaded, weighed, cleaned, blended and exported.
gross tonnage: The sum of container, breakbulk and bulk tonnage.
harbor : A port of haven where ships may anchor.
heavy hauler: A truck equipped to transport unusually heavy cargoes (steel slabs, bulldozers, transformers, boats, heavy machinery, etc.)

heavy lift : Very heavy cargoes that require specialized equipment to move the products to and from ship/truck/rail/barge and terminals. This “heavy lift” machinery may be installed aboard a ship designed just for such transport. Shore cranes, floating cranes and lift trucks may also adapted for such heavy lifts.

Home port : Port from which a cruise ship loads passengers and begins its itinerary, and to which it returns to disembark passengers upon conclusion of voyage. Sometimes referred to as “embarkation port” and “turn around port.” hopper car: A freight car used for handling dry bulks, with an openable top and one or more openings on the bottom through which the cargo is dumped.

Hostler (or hustler): A tractor, usually unlicensed, for moving containers within a yard. An employees who drives a tractor for the purpose of moving cargo within a container yard. interchange: Point of entry/exit for trucks delivering and picking up containerized cargo.

Point where pickups and deposits of containers in storage area or yard are assigned.I.L.A.
International Longshoremen’s Association, which operates on the East and Gulf Coasts.
See labor unions and longshoremen,I.L.W.U.
International Longshore and Warehouse Union, which operates on the West Coast.

See labor unions and longshoremen, intermodal shipment: When more than one mode of transportation is used to ship cargo from origin to destination, it is called intermodal transportation. For example, boxes of hot sauce from Louisiana are stuffed into metal boxes called containers at the factory.

That container is put onto a truck chassis (or a railroad flat car) and moved to a port.
There the container is lifted off the vehicle and lifted onto a ship.
At the receiving port, the process is reversed.
Intermodal transportation uses few laborers and speeds up the delivery time.
IMX: This is transportation shorthand for intermodal exchange.

In an IMX yard, containers can be lifted from truck chassis to rail intermodal cars or vice versa. ISO : International Organization for Standardization. Worldwide organization formed to promote development of standards to facilitate the international carriage and exchange of goods and services.

Governs construction specifications for ISO containers. JIT : The abbreviation for “just in time,” which is a way to minimize warehousing costs by having cargo shipped to arrive just in time for its use. This inventory control method depends on extremely reliable transportation. labor union: An organization of workers formed to serve members’ collective interests with regard to wages and working conditions.

The maritime unions within ports can include locals of the larger union, such as the General Longshore Workers; Clerks and Checkers; Sack-sewers, Sweepers, Water boys and Coopers; Dock Loaders and Unloaders of Freight Cars and Barges; Dray Clerks, Weighers and Samplers; plus the Seafarer’s International Union; the National Maritime Union; the Marine Engineers’ Beneficial Association and the Teamsters.

Some laborers don’t belong to a union.
Landlord port: At a landlord port, the port authority builds the wharves, which it then rents or leases to a terminal operator (usually a stevedoring company).
The operator invests in cargo-handling equipment (forklifts, cranes, etc), hires longshore laborers to operate such lift machinery and negotiates contracts with ocean carriers (steamship services) to handle the unloading and loading of ship cargoes.

(See also : operating port,) LASH: These 900-foot-long ships carry small barges inside the vessel. LASH stands for Lighter Aboard Ship. Just as cargo is transported by barge from the shallower parts of the Mississippi River to the Port of New Orleans for export aboard ocean-going ships, LASH barges are lifted into these unusual ships.

Overseas, the ship can discharge clusters of barges in the open waters. Then several towboats will assemble the barges into tows bound for various ports and inland waterways, without the ship having to spend time traveling to each port. launch service: Companies that offer “water-taxi” service to ships at anchor.

LCL: The acronym for “less than container load.” It refers to a partial container load that is usually consolidated with other goods to fill a container. Length Overall (LOA) : Linear measurement of a vessel from bow to stern. Lift On-Lift Off (LO/LO): Cargo handling technique involving transfer of commodities to and from the ship using shoreside cranes or ship’s gear.

LTL: Means a shipment that is “less than truckload”. Cargoes from different sources are usually consolidated to save costs. long ton : A long ton equals 2240 pounds. longshoremen: Dock workers who load and unload ships, or perform administrative tasks associated with the loading or unloading of cargo. They may or may not be members of labor unions.

Longshore gangs are hired by stevedoring firms to work the ships. Longshoremen are also called stevedores. manifest: The ship captain’s list of individual goods that make up the ship’s cargo. marine surveyor: Person who inspects a ship hull or its cargo for damage or quality.

master: The officer in charge of the ship. “Captain” is a courtesy title often given to a master. maritime: (adjective) Located on or near the sea. Commerce or navigation by sea. The maritime industry includes people working for transportation (ship, rail, truck and towboat/barge) companies, freight forwarders and customs brokers; stevedoring companies; labor unions; chandlers; warehouses; ship building and repair firms; importers/exporters; pilot associations, etc.

marshaling yard: This is a container parking lot, or any open area where containers are stored in a precise order according to the ship loading plan. Containers terminals may use a grounded or wheeled layout. If the cargo box is placed directly on the ground, it is called a grounded operation.

mean low water (MLW) : Lowest average level water reaches on an outgoing tide.
mean high water (MHW): Highest average level water reaches on an outgoing tide.
mooring dolphin: A cluster of pilings to which a boat or barge ties up.
motor ship (MS) or motor vessel (MV) : A ship propelled by internal-combustion engines.

NVOCC : A non-vessel-owning common carrier that buys space aboard a ship to get a lower volume rate. An NVOCC then sells that space to various small shippers, consolidates their freight, issues bills of lading and books space aboard a ship. neo-bulk cargo: Uniformly packaged goods, such as wood pulp bales, which stow as solidly as bulk, but are handled as general cargoes.

Ocean carrier: Diesel-fueled vessels have replaced the old steamships of the past, although many people still refer to modern diesel ships as steamships. Likewise, the person who represents the ship in port is still often called a steamship agent. ( See: steamship agent) on-dock rail : Direct shipside rail service.

Includes the ability to load and unload containers/breakbulk directly from rail car to vessel. on-terminal rail: Rail service and trackage provided by a railroad within a designated terminal area. operating port: At an operational port like Charleston, South Carolina, the port authority builds the wharves, owns the cranes and cargo-handling equipment and hires the labor to move cargo in the sheds and yards.

A stevedore hires longshore labor to lift cargo between the ship and the dock, where the port’s laborers pick it up and bring it to the storage site.
See landlord port.) pallet: A short wooden, metal or plastic platform on which package cargo is placed, then handled by a forklift truck.
Pier: A structure which just out into a waterway from the shore, for mooring vessels and cargo handling.

Sometimes called a finger pier. Piggyback : A rail transport mode where a loaded truck trailer is shipped on a rail flatcar. pilot: A licensed navigational guide with thorough knowledge of a particular section of a waterway whose occupation is to steep ships along a coast or into and out of a harbor.

Local pilots board the ship to advise the captain and navigator of local navigation conditions (difficult currents; hidden wrecks, etc.). port: This term is used both for the harbor area where ships are docked and for the agency (port authority), which administers use of public wharves and port properties.

port-of-call : Port at which cruise ship makes a stop along its itinerary. Calls may range from five to 24 hours. Sometimes referred to as “transit port” and “destination port.” (See also: home port )

project cargo: The materials and equipment to assemble a special project overseas, such as a factory or highway.
quay : A wharf, which parallels the waterline.
railhead: End of the railroad line or point in the area of operations at which cargo is loaded and unloaded.
railyard: A rail terminal at which occur traditional railroad activities for sorting and redistribution of railcars and cargo.
reefer: A container with refrigeration for transporting frozen foods (meat, ice cream, fruit, etc.)
refrigeration or reefer units: The protective cooling of perishable freight by ice, liquid nitrogen, or mechanical devices

ro/ro: Short for roll on/roll/off, A ro/ro ship is designed with ramps that can be lowered to the dock so cars, buses, trucks or other vehicles can drive into the belly of the ship, rather than be lifted aboard. A ro/ro ship, like a container ship, has a quick turnaround time of about 12 hours.

Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG): Traveling crane used for the movement and positioning of containers in a container field.
RTG’s may also be used for loading and unloading containers from rail cars.
Sheddage: Regardless of the length of stay, a vessel is charged a one-time fee for use of shed space and/or marginal (waterside) rail track space.

The charge is based on the length of a vessel. short ton: A short ton equals 2,000. Lifting capacity and cargo measurements are designated in short tons. Spreader : a device for lifting containers by their corner posts. The spreader bar on a container crane is telescopic to allow lifting various length containers.

steamship: Today, ships that transport cargo overseas are powered by diesel fuel instead of steam. Many people still use the term “steamship,” but the more modern term for the service is “ocean carrier” and for the ship itself, “motor vessel.” steamship agent: The local representative who acts as a liaison among ship owners, local port authorities, terminals and supply/service companies.

An agent handles all details for getting the ship into port; having it unloaded and loaded; inspected and out to sea quickly. An agent arranges for pilots; tug services; stevedores; inspections, etc., as well as, seeing that a ship is supplied with food, water, mail, medical services, etc.

A steamship agency does not own the ship.
Steamship company: A business that owns ships that operate in international trade,
Steamship line: A steamship (ocean carrier) service running on a particular international route.
Examples: NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia), American President Lines (APL), Maersk Sealand, Evergreen, etc.

stevedores: Labor management companies that provide equipment and hire workers to transfer cargo between ships and docks. Stevedore companies may also serve as terminal operators. The laborers hired by the stevedoring firms are called stevedores or longshoremen.

stripping : The process of removing cargo from a container.
stuffing : The process of packing a container with loose cargo prior to inland or ocean shipment.
Tank barges: Used for transporting bulk liquids, such as petroleum, chemicals, molasses, vegetable oils and liquefied gases.
tariff: Schedule, system of duties imposed by a government on the import/export of goods; also, the charges, rates and rules of a transportation company as listed in published industry tables.
terminal: The place where cargo is handled is called a terminal (or a wharf).

terminal operator: The company that operates cargo handling activities on a wharf, A terminal operator oversees unloading cargo from ship to dock, checking the quantity of cargoes versus the ship’s manifest (list of goods), transferring of the cargo into the shed, checking documents authorizing a trucker to pick up cargo, overseeing the loading/unloading of railroad cars, etc.

Toplift : A piece of equipment similar to a forklift that lifts from above rather than below.
Used to handle containers in the storage yard to and from storage stacks, trucks and railcars.
Towboat: A snub-nosed boat with push knees used for pushing barges.
A small towboat (called a push boat ) may push one or two barges around the harbor.

A large towboat is used to push from 5 to 40 barges in a tow is called a line boat, From the Port of New Orleans, line boats deliver cargo to Mid-America via the 14,500-mile waterway system flowing through the Crescent City. (See also tug boat) tractor-trailer: Some trucks are a solid unit, such as a van, but many have three main units.

Trailer On Flat Car (TOFC) : A container placed on a chassis that is in turn placed on a railroad car.
tramp: A ship operating with no fixed route or published schedule,
transit port: When the majority of cargoes moving through a port aren’t coming from or destined for the local market, the port is called a transit (or through) port.

transit shed: The shed on a wharf is designed to protect cargoes from weather damage and is used only for short-term storage. Warehouses operated by private firms house goods for longer periods. transshipment: The unloading of cargo at a port or point where it is then reloaded, sometimes into another mode of transportation, for transfer to a final destination.

Transtainer: A type of crane used in the handling of containers, which is motorized, mounted on rubber tires and can straddle at least four railway tracks, some up to six, with a lifting capacity of 35 tons for loading and unloading containers to and from railway cards. trucks: Heavy automotive vehicles used to transport cargo.

In the maritime industry, cargo is often carried by tractor-trailers. The tractor is the front part of the vehicle, also called a cab. The trailer is the detachable wheeled chassis behind the tractor, on which containers or other cargoes are placed. (See: common carrier; heavy hauler; drayage ) tugboat: Strong v-hull shaped boat used for maneuvering ships into and out of port and to carry supplies.

A ship is too powerful to pull up to the wharf on its own.
It cuts power and lets the tug nudge it in.
Generally barges are pushed by towboats, not tugs.
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU): A unit of measurement equal to the space occupied by a standard twenty foot container.
Used in stating the capacity of container vessel or storage area.

One 40 ft. Container is equal to two TEU’s.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: See Corps of Engineers.U.S. Customs: See Customs, vessel: A ship or large boat. vessel operator: A firm that charters vessels for its service requirements, which are handled by their own offices or appointed agents at ports of call.

Vessel operators also handle the operation of vessels on behalf of owners.
Warehouse: A place in which goods or merchandise is stored.
Way bill : The document used to identify the shipper and consignee, present the routing, describe the goods, present the applicable rate, show the weight of the shipment, and make other useful information notations.

wharf: The place at which ships tie up to unload and load cargo. The wharf typically has front and rear loading docks (aprons), a transit shed, open (unshedded) storage areas, truck bays, and rail tracks.

wharfage fee: A charge assessed by a pier or wharf owner for handling incoming or outgoing cargo.
yard : a system of tracks within a certain area used for making up trains, storing cars, placing cars to be loaded or unloaded, etc.
Glossary courtesy of : The Port of New Orleans, Georgia Ports Authority, and the Port of Halifax,

What is the safest part of a ship?

Lower Decks – In addition to picking a midship stateroom, which are usually spread out across several levels, it’s also a good idea to opt for one that’s below the water level. This is because this part of the ship, its lowest and most central area, is the most stable during rough sea conditions.

Which is a place where ships shelter or unload their cargo?

Introduction – © GVictoria/Shutterstock.com The chief doorways of the world of international commerce are its harbors and ports. Through them pass cargoes and travelers from one part of the globe to another. A harbor is any sheltered body of water where boats or ships may moor or anchor.

A port is an installation that has been built around a harbor with facilities for loading and unloading such vessels. Ordinarily a harbor, either natural or man-made, must exist before a port facility can be set up. Some large harbors—San Francisco Bay on the California coast, for example—are used by several ports.

Some ports, such as Chicago, Illinois, on Lake Michigan, are served by several small harbors. The major requirements of a good harbor are direct access to the open water and sufficient depth for vessels to enter and exit safely. Ocean harbors are commonly 40 feet deep or more.

What is a place where ships are moored called?

A mooring is any permanent structure to which a seaborne vessel (such as a boat, ship, or amphibious aircraft) may be secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, anchor buoys, and mooring buoys.

Why are docks called docks?

Etymology 4 – From early modern English “area of mud in which a ship can rest at low tide, dock”, borrowed from Dutch dok ( ” dock ” ) or Middle Low German docke ( ” dock, ship’s dock ” ), both from Middle Dutch docke ( ” port, harbour, roadstead ” ), of uncertain origin.

The original sense may have been “the furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank”,
Compare modern Dutch dok, modern German Low German Dock, West Frisian dok, German Dock, Danish dok, Swedish docka,
Some sources link this word to an unattested Middle Dutch *docke ( ” watercourse, trench, canal ” ), which is a ghost word, only being inferred from Mediaeval Latin documents in the form of ducta, doctus, doccia ( ” conduit, canal ” ),

However, if this theory is correct, then it would relate the word to Italian doccia ( ” drainpipe ” ), making dock a doublet of douche and duct, An alternative theory ties Middle Dutch docke to a North Germanic /Scandinavian source, notably Old Norse dǫkk ( ” depression in the landscape, pit, pool, trench ” ), related to Norwegian dokk ( ” hollow, low ground ” ), Old Icelandic dökk, dökð ( ” pit, pool ” ), Swedish dank ( ” marshy ground ” ),

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What are the locations on a ship?

Terms –

Abaft (preposition): at or toward the stern of a ship, or further back from a location, e.g. the mizzenmast is abaft the mainmast.
Aboard: onto or within a ship, or in a group.
Above: a higher deck of the ship.
Aft (adjective) : toward the stern (rear) of a ship.
Adrift: floating in the water without propulsion.
Aground: resting on the shore or wedged against the sea floor.
Ahull: with sails furled and helm lashed alee.
Alee: on or toward the lee (the downwind side).
Aloft: the stacks, masts, rigging, or other area above the highest solid structure.
Amidships: near the middle part of a ship.
Aport: toward the port side of a ship (opposite of “astarboard”).
Ashore: on or towards the shore or land.
Astarboard: toward the starboard side of a ship (opposite of “aport”).
Astern (adjective) : toward the rear of a ship (opposite of “forward”).
Athwartships: toward the sides of a ship.
Aweather: toward the weather or windward side of a ship.
Aweigh: just clear of the sea floor, as with an anchor.
Below: a lower deck of the ship.
Belowdecks: inside or into a ship, or down to a lower deck.
Bilge: the underwater part of a ship between the flat of the bottom and the vertical topsides
Bottom: the lowest part of the ship’s hull,
Bow: front of a ship (opposite of “stern”)
Centerline or centreline: an imaginary, central line drawn from the bow to the stern.
Fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of “aft”)
Inboard: attached inside the ship.
Keel: the bottom structure of a ship’s hull,
Leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of “windward”).
On deck: to an outside or muster deck (as “all hands on deck”).
On board: on, onto, or within the ship
Onboard: somewhere on or in the ship.
Outboard: attached outside the ship.
Port: the left side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of “starboard”).
Starboard: the right side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of “port”).
Stern: the rear of a ship (opposite of “bow”).
Topside: the top portion of the outer surface of a ship on each side above the waterline.
Underdeck: a lower deck of a ship.
Yardarm: an end of a yard spar below a sail.
Waterline: where the water surface meets the ship’s hull.
Weather: side or direction from which wind blows (same as “windward”).
Windward: side or direction from which wind blows (opposite of “leeward”).

What is the danger zone on a ship?

Danger (Give-Way) Zone – The green sector on your boat, that sector defined by your green sidelight, is your Danger Zone or your Give-Way Zone. This extends from the centreline on your bow (dead ahead) to 22.5º abaft the starboard beam, or 112.5º from the bow, along your starboard side.

What is a vessel store?

Ships’ stores means materials which are on board a vessel for the upkeep, maintenance, safety, operation, or navigation of the vessel (except for fumigants under part 147A of this chapter, for fuel and compressed air used for the vessel’s primary propulsion machinery, or for fixed auxiliary equipment) or for the safety or comfort of the vessel’s passengers or crew.

What is a boat cabin called?

Parts of a Boat – Perhaps the most important terms you can know as a boater are the words that identify the many different parts and pieces that make up a boat. Whether you’re asking someone to shut the door to the head or secure a piece of gear in the aft locker, having a basic knowledge of the following boat terms will go a long way to advancing your nautical lingo.

Ballast: Weight added to a boat to enhance stability. “The J/24 has 950 pounds of lead ballast.” Berth: A sleeping area on a boat. Also, a place where a boat is tied up. “We slept in the forward berth while John and Amy slept in the quarter berth” or “We keep our boat in a berth at McDoodle’s Marina.” Bilge: The lowest section of a boat where water typically collects.

“The shower sump is located in the bilge.” Bimini: A type of folding canvas top used to shield occupants from rain and sun. “It was nice and cool in the aft cockpit under the Bimini top.” You can watch one being set up and see how it works when deployed, in our Cruisers Sport Series 258 video boat review,

Bow: The forward end of any boat. “John went up to the bow to lower the anchor.” Bulkhead: Typically a transverse structural component in a boat that often supports a deck. “The aft bulkhead separates the main saloon from the engine room.” Cabin: An enclosed and protected area on a boat. “The boat’s cabin was wide and roomy with plenty of space for relaxing out of the weather.” It can range from a small ” cuddy cabin ” to large living spaces with multiple rooms, which themselves may be referred to as cabins.

Cabintop: The flat or curved deck surface above an enclosed structure on a boat. “There is plenty of space upon the cabin top to stow the dinghy.” Casting Platform: A raised, open deck on a fishing boat used for casting a fishing rod. You can see a great example of casting platforms on the Pathfinder 2600 HPS,

Chine: The part of a boat where its hull sides and bottom intersect.
The boat’s chines were sharp and angled, which gave it an aggressive look.” Cleat: A metal or plastic fitting used to securely attach a line.
Peter tied off the fender to the starboard amidships cleat.” Coaming: Raised edges, or sides, designed to help keep waves and water from entering a certain area of a boat.

“The cockpit has an ample coaming to keep the area dry and give it a secure feeling.” Cockpit: Any semi-enclosed, recessed area that is lower than the surrounding decks, such as the cockpit of a sailboat or a center-console powerboat. “The cooler was stowed in the aft cockpit.” Companionway: An entryway that provides access to the below-decks spaces on a boat.

The galley is located just below the companionway, to port.” Console: A raised area above the deck or cockpit that occupants often sit or stand behind while the boat is underway.
John drove the boat from the helm, which is located in the starboard console.” Deck: Essentially any exposed, flat exterior surface on a boat that people stand on.

“The decks were awash with salt water after the wave crashed over them.” Dinette: An area for dining on a boat, typically with a table set between two seating areas. “The main saloon has a huge dinette to starboard.” There’s a great photo of one in our Prestige 620 S Flybridge review.

Flybridge: A steering station, sometimes with a small entertaining space, built atop a boat’s cabin.
It’s also sometimes called a ‘flying bridge’.
We ran the boat from up in the flybridge, which gave us a great view out over the ocean.” Foredeck: The forward-most deck on a boat.
The anchor windlass is located upon the bow; you can access it from the foredeck.” Galley: An area on a boat where food is prepared.

“John steamed up the lobsters on the stove in the galley.” Gunwale: The top edge of a boat’s hull sides. “The fishing rod racks are located along the starboard gunwale.” Hardtop: A supported fiberglass or composite roof-like external structure that covers a portion of a boat.

We mounted the radar dome on the hardtop” or “The hardtop covers the center console unit.” Hatch: The cover or door that closes over any opening in a boat’s deck or cabin top.
The forward hatch allowed lots of natural light inside the boat.” Head: The bathroom on a boat.
An enclosed head is fitted underneath the center console, for when nature calls.” Helm: The area of a boat where the steering and engine controls are located.

“Betsy steered the boat from the helm.” Hull: The physical portions of a boat that sit in the water. “The Jones Brothers Cape Fisherman 23 has a hull shape that cuts through waves with ease.” See our Boat Hull Basics video, to learn about different hull shapes.

Inboard Engine: An engine that is mounted inside the hull of a boat.
The boat has a 237-horsepower gasoline inboard engine.” Boats may be called inboards whether they have a straight shaft running through the hull (such as the Marlow Pilot 34 ), a stern-drive going through the transom (like the Monterey 218SS ), or pod drives going through the bottom of the boat (as in the case of the Sea Ray L590 ).

Jib: Generally the smaller of two or more sails on a sailboat, flown forward of the mast. “Gael trimmed the jib in tight as she sailed a course against the wind.” Jump Seats: Small, pop-up seats usually located in the aft cockpit of a powerboat. “The Everglades 243cc has twin pop-up jump seats in the aft cockpit.” Lifelines: Cables or lines used to prevent people or gear from falling overboard.

Andrea grasped the lifelines firmly as she walked forward on the starboard deck.” Livewell: A specialized compartment on a boat designed to keep fish, shrimp, and other fishing bait alive.
Fred stocked the livewell with a bunch of minnows.” Locker: An area on a boat where gear is stowed.
The tackle boxes are in the aft stowage locker.” Mainsail: Generally the largest sail on a sailboat.

“Eve hoisted the mainsail as John pointed the boat into the wind.” (See Basic Sailing and Seamanship: Making Sense of Sails to learn more about the different sails found on sailboats). Mast: A vertical structure, usually made of aluminum, which supports sails on a sailboat.

We hoisted the mainsail up the mast before raising the jib.” Keel: The lowest portion of a boat’s hull as it sits in the water.
Also, a hull appendage that improves stability.
The Bristol 24 has a full keel that helps improve its lateral stability.” Outboard Well: A recessed area on a boat just forward of where an outboard engine is mounted.

“The outboard well filled with water when we backed the boat down into a set of waves.” Outboard Engine: An engine that is generally mounted to the transom of a boat that has a self-contained engine block, transmission, and lower drive unit. “The boat has a 350-horsepower outboard engine on its stern.” You can learn more about different engines and drive systems by reading Marine Engines and Power Systems,

Pod Drives: Inboard engines mounted above articulating drive units that protrude through the bottom of the boat. “Pod drives provide excellent handling and maneuverability.” Read All About Pod Drives to learn more. Propeller: A rotating device that is paired with an engine to propel a boat through the water.

“The outboard has a stainless-steel propeller.” Watch our How do Propellers Work video to learn more about propellers (also called ‘props’). Rigging: The lines and wires that support and help control a spar or mast. “The backstay, forestay, and side stays are some of the rigging that supports the mast.” Rubrail: A protective outer element on the hull sides that helps protect the hull from damage.

The rubrail rested against the piling, protecting the boat’s hull.” Rudder: A vertical hull appendage that controls steering.
The Farr 40’s long, slender rudder makes the boat highly maneuverable.” Saloon: A room in the cabin on a boat that’s usually the primary entertaining area.
We served cocktails in the main saloon; it was a great area for entertaining our guests.” Scuppers: Deck drains that channel water from rain and spray overboard.

“The cockpit filled with water, but was quickly drained by the scuppers.” Sheer Line: The outline of a boat’s deck at the gunwale or hull-deck joint from bow to stern. “The boat has a sheer line that rises gracefully toward the bow.” Stateroom: An enclosed cabin in a boat with sleeping quarters.

The master stateroom had luxurious accommodations, including a queen-size berth.” Stern: The aft-most section of a boat’s hull.
We mounted the swim ladder on the boat’s stern.” Stern Drive: A propulsion system consisting of an inboard engine with a steerable drive system that is mounted to the transom.

“The boat was fitted with twin MerCruiser inboard gas engines coupled to stern drives.” You can learn more about different engines and drive systems by reading Marine Engines and Power Systems, Swim Platform: A structure on the stern of a boat designed to make getting in and out of the water easier.

“Janie sat on the swim platform with her legs dangling in the water.” T-Top: A metal structure on a boat that is usually topped with a section of canvas or a hard top to protect occupants from sun, spray, and rain. “George and his crew huddled under the T-top during the rainstorm.” Tiller: A wood, metal, or composite handle that is connected to the rudder(s) or a small outboard and used to steer a boat.

“As the wind increased, Blair pulled hard on the tiller to keep the boat on course.” Toerail: A wood or fiberglass rail or fiddle located around the outside edge of a boat’s deck, usually situated near where the hull sides meet the deck. “The boat’s teak toerail was beautifully varnished.” Topsides: The portion of a boat’s hull that is above the waterline.

Jenny polished the topsides to a beautiful shine.” Transom: The aft-most section of a boat that connects the port and starboard sections of the hull.
Most people put a boat’s name on the transom, though some put it on the hull sides.” Trim Tabs: Adjustable metal plates on a powerboat’s hull bottom or transom that help adjust the boat’s running attitude, pitch, and roll as it moves through the water.

On a sailboat, a single trim tab may be located on the aft edge of the keel to help the boat steer better in certain conditions. “Jim adjusted the trim tabs to make the powerboat’s bow ride farther down in the water.” V-Berth: A berth that is situated in the bow of a boat.

What is the captain’s room called?

What are the captain’s quarters on a ship called? – There isn’t a special name for a cruise ship captain’s quarters – they can be called the captain’s quarters, the captain’s cabin, or the master stateroom or suite. It varies by ship, instead of being a standard name. Entrance to the Captain’s Quarters on Harmony of the Seas With other types of ship, there may be two cabins, instead of one larger room. They’d be called the in-port cabin and the at-sea cabin. The in-port cabin is the main accommodation and the at-sea cabin is a more basic option close to the bridge, where a captain might sleep during times when urgent action may be necessary.

What is a private room on a ship or a boat?

On a passenger ship, a stateroom is a private room, especially one that is large and comfortable.

What is the name of the place where ships are parked?

Apron: The area immediately in front of or behind a wharf shed on which cargo is lifted. On the “front apron,” cargo is unloaded from or loaded onto a ship. Behind the shed, cargo moves over the “rear apron” into and out of railroad cars. Backhaul: To haul a shipment back over part of a route which it has already traveled; a marine transportation carrier’s return movement of cargo, usually opposite from the direction of its primary cargo distribution.

A barge is 200 feet long, 35 feet wide and has a draft of 9 feet. Barges carry dry bulk (grain, coal, lumber, gravel, etc.) and liquid bulk (petroleum, vegetable oils, molasses, etc.). berth: (verb) To bring a ship to a berth. (noun) The wharf space at which a ship docks. A wharf may have two or three berths, depending on the length of incoming ships.

Bollard: A line-securing device on a wharf around which mooring and berthing lines are fastened.
Bonded warehouse: A building designated by U.S.
Customs authorities for storage of goods without payment of duties to Customs until goods are removed.
Box: Slang term for a container.
Breakbulk cargo: Non-containerized general cargo stored in boxes, bales, pallets or other units to be loaded onto or discharged from ships or other forms of transportation.

bulkhead : A structure used to protect against shifting cargo and/or to separate the load. Buoys: Floats that warn of hazards such as rocks or shallow ground, to help ships maneuver through unfamiliar harbors. cabotage: Shipment of cargo between a nation’s ports is also called coastwise trade. The U.S.

Contrast with a transit port,) cargo: The freight (goods, products) carried by a ship, barge, train, truck or plane.
Carrier: An individual, partnership or corporation engaged in the business of transporting goods or passengers (See also: ocean carrier.) cartage: Originally the process of transporting by cart.

Originally, chandlers (candle makers) provided illumination to ships. Over time they expanded the variety of products they could provide to ships. channels of distribution: The routes by which products are transported from origin to destination. This includes the physical routes, as well as the different companies involved in ultimately delivering the goods to buyers.

clerks: When cargo is unloaded from a ship, a clerk checks the actual count of the goods (number of boxes, drums, bundles, pipes, etc.) versus the amount listed on the ship’s manifest. He will note shortages, overages or damage. This is used to make claims if needed. common carrier: Trucking, railroad or barge lines that are licensed to transport goods or people nationwide are called common carriers.

Consolidator: The person or firm that consolidates (combines) cargo from a number of shippers into a container that will deliver the goods to several buyers. container: A box made of aluminum, steel or fiberglass used to transport cargo by ship, rail, truck or barge. Common dimensions are 20′ x 8′ x 8′ (called a TEU or twenty-foot equivalent unit) or 40′ x 8′ x 8′, called an FEU.

container freight station: The facility for stuffing and stripping a container of its cargo, especially for movement by railroad.
container chassis: A piece of equipment specifically designed for the movement of containers by highway to and from container terminals.
container crane: Usually, a rail-mounted gantry crane located on a wharf for the purpose of loading and unloading containers on vessels.

Most such cranes operate on rail tracks and have articulating rail trucks on each of their four legs, enabling them to traverse along the terminal and work various bays on the vessel and for more than one crane to work a single vessel simultaneously. Most terminals have direct rail access and container storage areas, and are served by highway carriers.

contraband: Goods prohibited in trade (such as weapons going to Iran, anything to Cuba). Smuggled goods. Corps of Engineers: This department of the U.S. Army is responsible for flood protection and providing safe navigation channels. The Corps builds and maintains the levees, flood walls and spillways that keep major rivers out of low lying communities.

In 1999, for example, the U.S.
Customs Department collected over $22 billion in fees nationally, which went into the U.S. Treasury.
The Customs Department also works to prevent the importation of illegal drugs and contraband.
Customs broker: This person prepares the needed documentation for importing goods (just as a freight forwarder does for exports).

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deadhead: When a truck returning from a delivery has no return freight on the back haul, it is said to be in deadhead. deck barge : Transports heavy or oversize cargoes mounted to its top deck instead of inside a hold. Machinery, appliances, project cargoes and even recreational vehicles move on deck barges.

Sometimes, the whole wharf is informally called a dock. dockage: A charge by a port authority for the length of water frontage used by a vessel tied up at a wharf. draft: The depth of a loaded vessel in the water taken from the level of the waterline to the lowest point of the hull of the vessel; depth of water, or distance between the bottom of the ship and waterline.

dry bulk: Minerals or grains stored in loose piles moving without mark or count.
Examples are potash, industrial sands, wheat, soybeans and peanuts.
dunnage: Wood or other material used in stowing ship cargo to prevent its movement.
duty: A government tax on imported merchandise.

Fender piles are also called sacrifice piles since they are designed to be discarded after they are broken. fleeting: The area at which barges, towboats and tugs are berthed until needed. The operation of building or dismantling barge tows. Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) – Known in some countries as a free zone, a foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a site within the USA (in or near a U.S.

Merchandise may enter a FTZ without a formal Customs entry or the payment of Customs duties or government excise taxes.
In the zone, goods may be: stored; tested; sampled; repackaged or relabeled; cleaned; combined with other products; repaired or assembled, etc.
Freight: Merchandise hauled by transportation lines.

Grain elevator: Facility at which bulk grain is unloaded, weighed, cleaned, blended and exported.
gross tonnage: The sum of container, breakbulk and bulk tonnage.
harbor : A port of haven where ships may anchor.
heavy hauler: A truck equipped to transport unusually heavy cargoes (steel slabs, bulldozers, transformers, boats, heavy machinery, etc.)

Home port : Port from which a cruise ship loads passengers and begins its itinerary, and to which it returns to disembark passengers upon conclusion of voyage. Sometimes referred to as “embarkation port” and “turn around port.” hopper car: A freight car used for handling dry bulks, with an openable top and one or more openings on the bottom through which the cargo is dumped.

Point where pickups and deposits of containers in storage area or yard are assigned.I.L.A. – International Longshoremen’s Association, which operates on the East and Gulf Coasts. See labor unions and longshoremen,I.L.W.U. – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, which operates on the West Coast.

That container is put onto a truck chassis (or a railroad flat car) and moved to a port. There the container is lifted off the vehicle and lifted onto a ship. At the receiving port, the process is reversed. Intermodal transportation uses few laborers and speeds up the delivery time. IMX: This is transportation shorthand for intermodal exchange.

Governs construction specifications for ISO containers.
JIT : The abbreviation for “just in time,” which is a way to minimize warehousing costs by having cargo shipped to arrive just in time for its use.
This inventory control method depends on extremely reliable transportation.
Labor union: An organization of workers formed to serve members’ collective interests with regard to wages and working conditions.

Some laborers don’t belong to a union.
Landlord port: At a landlord port, the port authority builds the wharves, which it then rents or leases to a terminal operator (usually a stevedoring company).
The operator invests in cargo-handling equipment (forklifts, cranes, etc), hires longshore laborers to operate such lift machinery and negotiates contracts with ocean carriers (steamship services) to handle the unloading and loading of ship cargoes.

Overseas, the ship can discharge clusters of barges in the open waters. Then several towboats will assemble the barges into tows bound for various ports and inland waterways, without the ship having to spend time traveling to each port. launch service: Companies that offer “water-taxi” service to ships at anchor.

LTL: Means a shipment that is “less than truckload”. Cargoes from different sources are usually consolidated to save costs. long ton : A long ton equals 2240 pounds. longshoremen: Dock workers who load and unload ships, or perform administrative tasks associated with the loading or unloading of cargo. They may or may not be members of labor unions.

Master: The officer in charge of the ship. “Captain” is a courtesy title often given to a master. maritime: (adjective) Located on or near the sea. Commerce or navigation by sea. The maritime industry includes people working for transportation (ship, rail, truck and towboat/barge) companies, freight forwarders and customs brokers; stevedoring companies; labor unions; chandlers; warehouses; ship building and repair firms; importers/exporters; pilot associations, etc.

mean low water (MLW) : Lowest average level water reaches on an outgoing tide.
mean high water (MHW): Highest average level water reaches on an outgoing tide.
mooring dolphin: A cluster of pilings to which a boat or barge ties up.
motor ship (MS) or motor vessel (MV) : A ship propelled by internal-combustion engines.

ocean carrier: Diesel-fueled vessels have replaced the old steamships of the past, although many people still refer to modern diesel ships as steamships. Likewise, the person who represents the ship in port is still often called a steamship agent. ( See: steamship agent) on-dock rail : Direct shipside rail service.

A stevedore hires longshore labor to lift cargo between the ship and the dock, where the port’s laborers pick it up and bring it to the storage site.
See landlord port.) pallet: A short wooden, metal or plastic platform on which package cargo is placed, then handled by a forklift truck.
Pier: A structure which just out into a waterway from the shore, for mooring vessels and cargo handling.

project cargo: The materials and equipment to assemble a special project overseas, such as a factory or highway.
quay : A wharf, which parallels the waterline.
railhead: End of the railroad line or point in the area of operations at which cargo is loaded and unloaded.
railyard: A rail terminal at which occur traditional railroad activities for sorting and redistribution of railcars and cargo.
reefer: A container with refrigeration for transporting frozen foods (meat, ice cream, fruit, etc.)
refrigeration or reefer units: The protective cooling of perishable freight by ice, liquid nitrogen, or mechanical devices

Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG): Traveling crane used for the movement and positioning of containers in a container field. RTG’s may also be used for loading and unloading containers from rail cars. sheddage: Regardless of the length of stay, a vessel is charged a one-time fee for use of shed space and/or marginal (waterside) rail track space.

Steamship: Today, ships that transport cargo overseas are powered by diesel fuel instead of steam. Many people still use the term “steamship,” but the more modern term for the service is “ocean carrier” and for the ship itself, “motor vessel.” steamship agent: The local representative who acts as a liaison among ship owners, local port authorities, terminals and supply/service companies.

A steamship agency does not own the ship. steamship company: A business that owns ships that operate in international trade, steamship line: A steamship (ocean carrier) service running on a particular international route. Examples: NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia), American President Lines (APL), Maersk Sealand, Evergreen, etc.

stripping : The process of removing cargo from a container.
stuffing : The process of packing a container with loose cargo prior to inland or ocean shipment.
Tank barges: Used for transporting bulk liquids, such as petroleum, chemicals, molasses, vegetable oils and liquefied gases.
tariff: Schedule, system of duties imposed by a government on the import/export of goods; also, the charges, rates and rules of a transportation company as listed in published industry tables.
terminal: The place where cargo is handled is called a terminal (or a wharf).

Toplift : A piece of equipment similar to a forklift that lifts from above rather than below. Used to handle containers in the storage yard to and from storage stacks, trucks and railcars. towboat: A snub-nosed boat with push knees used for pushing barges. A small towboat (called a push boat ) may push one or two barges around the harbor.

Trailer On Flat Car (TOFC) : A container placed on a chassis that is in turn placed on a railroad car.
tramp: A ship operating with no fixed route or published schedule,
transit port: When the majority of cargoes moving through a port aren’t coming from or destined for the local market, the port is called a transit (or through) port.

Transtainer: A type of crane used in the handling of containers, which is motorized, mounted on rubber tires and can straddle at least four railway tracks, some up to six, with a lifting capacity of 35 tons for loading and unloading containers to and from railway cards. trucks: Heavy automotive vehicles used to transport cargo.

A ship is too powerful to pull up to the wharf on its own.
It cuts power and lets the tug nudge it in.
Generally barges are pushed by towboats, not tugs.
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU): A unit of measurement equal to the space occupied by a standard twenty foot container.
Used in stating the capacity of container vessel or storage area.

Vessel operators also handle the operation of vessels on behalf of owners.
Warehouse: A place in which goods or merchandise is stored.
Way bill : The document used to identify the shipper and consignee, present the routing, describe the goods, present the applicable rate, show the weight of the shipment, and make other useful information notations.

wharfage fee: A charge assessed by a pier or wharf owner for handling incoming or outgoing cargo.
yard : a system of tracks within a certain area used for making up trains, storing cars, placing cars to be loaded or unloaded, etc.
Glossary courtesy of : The Port of New Orleans, Georgia Ports Authority, and the Port of Halifax,

What is the place where ships are parked?

A dock is an enclosed area in a harbour where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.

What is a mooring place called?

Berth (moorings) Designated location in a port or harbour used for mooring vessels For other uses, see, A berth is a designated location in a port or harbour used for vessels when they are not at sea. Berths provide a vertical front which allows safe and secure mooring that can then facilitate the unloading or loading of cargo or people from vessels.

Jack Gloop