Step-by-Step to Job Safety and Job Hazard Analysis | ETQ By ETQ on September 15, 2017 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires formal hazard assessments for situations such as confined space work or when a job calls for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Conducting a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is one way to meet these requirements, and to make any dangerous job less risky.
With that in mind, we’ve broken down how to conduct a JSA into 6 simple steps, with added tips on how to make your JSAs more effective. Step 1: Choose the Procedure The first step in performing a JSA is to identify which procedures you’ll focus on. High-priority areas should include procedures associated with:
A history of past injuries or a high frequency of safety, High potential to cause an injury. Potentially high severity of incidents. Infrequent use and low hazard awareness. New processes or equipment, including recently changed processes.
Step 2: Break the Job Into Steps The second step is to take the job procedure under analysis and break it into steps. The best way to do this is to observe an employee as he or she is doing the job, and some people even find it helpful to take video for review.
- Your goal should be to break it down into manageable chunks.
- You don’t want it to be so general that you’re omitting key steps, and yet you also don’t want to get so granular that you have too many steps.
- The general rule of thumb is 10 or fewer steps.
- Step 3: Identify Hazards At this point, you need to look at each step and pinpoint what could go wrong at each point.
Ask yourself questions such as:
Do moving objects or equipment pieces pose a hazard? Is any lifting, pushing or pulling required that might cause strain? Could the employee slip, trip or fall? Are environmental hazards like extreme temperatures, lighting or noise a concern? Are harmful substances such as chemicals, dust or fumes involved?
Leveraging makes this step even more effective. You can assess the risk of the procedure as a whole, as well as at individual steps to determine where to focus on controls. Step 4: Implement Solutions For each hazard, you should identify controls that mitigate the risk of a safety incident. In the following order of preference, look for ways to:
Eliminate the hazard: This strategy is the most effective. Potential measures include using a different process altogether, modifying the process or tools, substituting materials and adapting the work environment (such as improving ventilation). Contain the hazard: If you can’t eliminate the hazard, controls such as machine guards or work booths may help contain the hazard. Revise your work procedures: Whenever possible, you should look for ways to modify the procedure to lower its risk. This could mean adding steps or changing them around. Reduce job frequency: If you can’t do any of the above, you should look for ways to minimize how often employees perform a certain job.
Step 5: Communicate the Findings All the work you’ve done to this point is useless if you’re just filing your JSA away in a binder somewhere. The entire purpose is to help people understand how to work more safely, so make sure to:
Distribute copies of the JSA to all affected employees. Include safety measures identified in the JSA in employee training programs. Make the JSA easily accessible to workers, whether with hard copies or on your Use the JSA to inform refresher training for infrequent jobs.
Step 6: Review and Update A JSA should be a dynamic document that management and employees collaborate on to review and update regularly. Areas to focus on here include:
Periodic follow-up: A manager or supervisor should observe the procedure and compare it to the JSA on a monthly basis. After an incident: Part of the incident investigation process should be a comparison of what happened against JSA procedures. This can help you identify whether you have a gap in the JSA, or whether an employee needs additional training. Process or equipment changes: Whenever you introduce new equipment or processes, or if you revise processes, you need to take a look at the relevant JSAs.
When all is said and done, a JSA is only as good as the effort you put into it. If you just check the box, you’re not likely to get results. Follow these steps, however, and you’ll be on a more reliable path to safe work. : Step-by-Step to Job Safety and Job Hazard Analysis | ETQ
Contents
What is JSA template?
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Template –
Eliminate paperwork with digital checklists Generate reports from completed checklists Free to use for up to 10 users
This generic JSA template, or job safety analysis form, can be used by a supervisor or safety official to analyze hazards associated with performing a certain job. Begin by filling out information about the job and the employee participating in the inspection.
What is the JSA in HSE?
JSA Frequently Asked Questions –
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a systematic procedure that breaks each job/task into key training sequences, identifies safety elements of each job/task step and coaches the employee on how to avoid potential safety hazards. Another commonly used term for this process is called a Job Hazard Analysis or JHA. Both a JSA and JHA are considered the same thing.
Ensuring consistent and safe work methods. Reducing injuries by helping employees know how to best perform a task without the likelihood of injury. Provides a form of training documentation regarding the employee’s knowledge of the job safety requirements. Complies with many OSHA requirements.
A job/task has a high injury rate. A job/task has the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous incidents. An employee has a safety concern about a job. Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures.
Writing the JSA (with input from those performing the task) Training affected staff at the time of hire, job rotation/transfer, changes in the job/task, or injury Enforcing work rules
Reviewing all JSA’s for their job Wearing all PPE required for the task Following the recommended steps to perform a task in a safe manner
: Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Who should develop a JSA?
Developing a JSA The person leading the work is responsible for developing the JSA. This is typically the: Person doing the work for single person tasks Person supervising the work for team tasks Person in charge of designing new work or equipment.
What is difference between JSA and risk assessment?
FAQs About Risk Assessment – What is the difference between Risk Assessment and Job Safety Analysis (JSA)? Risk assessments are often confused with a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), The key difference between a risk assessment and a JSA is scope.
Risk assessments assess safety hazards across the entire workplace and are oftentimes accompanied with a risk matrix to prioritize hazards and controls. Whereas a JSA focuses on job-specific risks and is typically performed for a single task, assessing each step of the job. What are the 3 main tasks of risk assessment? The three main tasks of risk assessment include identifying the hazards, assessing the risks that come along with them, and placing control measures to either eliminate them totally or at least minimize their impact on the business and its people.
What are the top 5 operational risk categories? The five most common categories of operational risks are people risk, process risk, systems risk, external events risk or external fraud, and legal and compliance risk. Operational risks refer to the probability of issues relating to people, processes, or systems negatively impacting the business’s daily operations.
What is JSA steps?
4. Recommending Safety Measures – Recommending safety measures is essential in conducting a Job Safety Analysis (JSA). After identifying the potential hazards associated with each task step, developing recommendations for the safest way to perform the job is crucial.
Hierarchy of controls: Apply the hierarchy of controls, a widely recognized approach to reducing risks in the workplace. This framework prioritizes safety measures based on their effectiveness, as follows:
Elimination: Remove the hazard entirely from the work process, if possible. Substitution: Replace a hazardous substance, process, or equipment with a less hazardous alternative. Engineering controls: Implement physical changes to the work environment, tools, or equipment to isolate or reduce exposure to the hazard.
Best practices and industry standards: Consult industry standards, best practices, and regulatory requirements to identify established safety measures for the specific hazards associated with the task. Worker input: Engage workers who regularly perform the task to gather their suggestions for improving safety. Their firsthand experience can provide valuable insights into potential solutions for mitigating hazards. Training and education: Ensure that workers receive proper training and education on safe work practices, hazard recognition, and the use of safety equipment. This will help ensure they are adequately prepared to safely perform the task. Regular inspections and maintenance: Implement regular inspections and maintenance schedules for tools, equipment, and work areas to ensure they are in good condition and functioning safely. Emergency preparedness: Develop emergency response plans and procedures to address potential incidents related to the identified hazards. Ensure workers are trained in these procedures and have access to necessary emergency equipment.
Once safety recommendations have been developed for each identified hazard, it is essential to document them clearly and concisely. This documentation will serve as a reference for workers, supervisors, and safety personnel to ensure appropriate measures are taken to protect worker safety and minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.
What is the first step of JSA?
Key Steps: The Job Safety Analysis consists of the following 6 steps: Step 1: Describe the job and the sequence of job steps Step 2: Identification of the potential hazards of each step Step 3: Determine who and/or what is at potential risk Step 4: Description of the recommended safe job procedure Step 5:
How many steps is a JSA?
The process of creating a job safety analysis report is generally broken down into four steps, which makes it easier to ensure you complete every portion of the requirements a reap the benefits a JSA offers.
What is the first and most difficult task in risk assessment?
Identify Threats The first step in Risk Analysis is to identify the existing and possible threats that you might face. These can come from many different sources. For instance, they could be: Human – Illness, death, injury, or other loss of a key individual.
What is a safe work method statement?
A SWMS is a document that sets out the high risk construction work activities to be carried out at a workplace, the hazards arising from these activities and the measures to be put in place to control the risks.
What is the basis of JSA?
A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a valuable tool for identifying hazards related to a specific job or work tasks. JSA is also used for developing accepted safe work practices in the workplace. A safe work practice is the process or procedure of performing a work task in a manner that eliminates or significantly reduces the risk of injury by identifying and controlling the hazards. Safe work practices are an essential component of a Safety Management System.
Selecting the job to be analyzed Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps Identifying potential hazards Determining preventive measures to overcome these hazards
Following the completion of every JSA, it is important to communicate the results to all workers who are or will be performing that job. This communication must be both verbal and well-documented to ensure a full understanding of the safe practices and expected outcomes.
JSAs should be reviewed on a regular basis (minimum annually) or when changes to the specific work task have occurred. SASWH acknowledges the collaborative approach of its JSA Working Group to develop user friendly documents and templates for members. As additional resources are developed they will be added to this resource list.
SASWH Safety Specialists are available to support members with using these resources. JSA Templates (in Excel Format):
CCA JSA Summary Environmental Services JSA Summary Food Services JSA Summary LPN JSA Summary Maintenance JSA Summary RN JSA Summary
Sample Policies:
Hazard Identification and Control Job Safety Analysis
Risk Matrix:
Risk Assessment Procedure Matrix
Best and Promising Practice: SASWH has identified a Sunrise Health Region best and promising practice on the use of this template applied to roles with healthcare.
Sunrise Health Region RN Acute Care Task Summary
The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) answers the following questions:
What is a Job Safety Analysis? What are the benefits of doing a Job Safety Analysis? What are the four basic steps?
Who should develop a JSA?
Developing a JSA The person leading the work is responsible for developing the JSA. This is typically the: Person doing the work for single person tasks Person supervising the work for team tasks Person in charge of designing new work or equipment.
Who should write a JSA?
It’s important to diagnose potentials hazards in your workplace before they become a problem. The Infrastructure Health and Safey Association offers tips on how to best conduct job safety analyses and root out hazards so that they can be avoided. Job safety analysis—you’ve probably heard the term before, but may not know exactly what it is.
- It’s one of the best prevention tools you have, so read on to find out how it will benefit you, your company, and your workers.
- A job safety analysis (JSA), also called a job hazard analysis or job task analysis, is a systematic analysis of a specific job in a specific location to identify the hazards and determine the controls.
By completing a JSA, you ensure that you have properly planned the work and that workers can do it safely. As a written document, it can serve as evidence of due diligence. To be effective, the JSA must cover all aspects of a specific task (e.g. offloading an HVAC unit and placing it on the building’s roof).
- Most projects require several JSAs, which isn’t surprising when you consider the number of different tasks being done at the same time.
- How to write a JSA A competent person should write the JSA because, according to the Occupational Health and Safety Act, he or she has knowledge of the hazards that are present on the jobsite.
Usually, the competent person who writes JSAs is the foreperson or supervisor.1. Write down job steps. Once you have a clear understanding of what the work involves, you need to break it down into manageable steps. These steps are not only specific to the job, but also specific to the work area.
- If the work area changes, the steps may need to change as well.
- If the steps are too detailed, the JSA will be burdensome and difficult to follow.
- If they are not detailed enough, you may miss some hazards.2.
- Identify the hazards associated with each step.
- This is the most challenging part of the JSA.
- Take each step and list the hazards associated with it.
Think about what could go wrong from a health and safety point of view. Think about how people, equipment, materials and the surrounding environment contribute to a hazard. To help you identify potential hazards, consider: * causes of past injuries * other work going on near the work area * legislation or regulatory requirements * manufacturer’s instructions for equipment 3.
Determine controls for each hazard. Each hazard you identified in the previous step needs a control. The control explains how you will eliminate the hazard or how you will significantly reduce the risk of injury.4. Discuss the JSA with your workers. Once you have completed the first three steps, you should have a well-developed JSA.
Now, it’s time to share it with your workers. The JSA won’t be effective if workers don’t know about it or understand it. Before starting work, review the relevant JSA with your crew and make sure everyone knows how they are supposed to do the job. If you’re dealing with a task that will last more than one day, it’s a good idea to review the JSA each morning before work starts.
