Having proper technical training and being in excellent physical shape are critical to a successful mountaineering experience. But, before you head out on your first mountaineering trip, you need to be sure you’re equipped with the right gear and clothing.

Mountaineering gear: Items such as mountaineering boots, crampons, a climbing helmet and an ice axe are standard items for almost every mountaineering climb. For trips that take you onto glaciers, you’ll need a rope, harness and crevasse rescue equipment to protect against crevasse falls. Camping gear: For day trips, you’ll need basic items like a backpack, headlamp, hydration system and the Ten Essentials, But, many mountaineering trips require at least a night or two of camping, in which case you’ll need a tent, sleeping bag, sleeping pad and stove. Mountaineering accessories: Accessories like an altimeter watch and navigation tools can make travel in the mountains easier and more comfortable.

Note: These items are required on many mountaineering trips, but not all; the equipment you take along can vary depending on season, route selection and personal preference. As you gain experience you’ll figure out exactly what you need and what you don’t, but for now, use the tips in this article and talk to other climbers about what they use.

What material do mountain climbers carry with them?

Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature and the lack of air. Join Vedantu’s FREE Mastercalss Answer Verified Hint: Climbers are the individuals who participate in the climbing of mountains.

These places are risky and need a lot of control measures for the security of the participants. Complete Step by Step Answer: The mountaineers should take care if these things before embarking on their journey: -They should have strong ropes which clenches them to the rocks.-They should carry oxygen cylinders which will enable them to breathe at high altitudes.

– Their clothes must be heavy and hard which will protect them from the falling temperatures and will keep them warm.-The climber should have sunscreen, lip balm, goggles, to defend the sunlight. -Insulated jacket and pants, inner vest, gloves and cap are a must, for protection from extreme cold in the higher altitudes.

Apart from these there are other devices which are required for mountain climbing, like helmet, boots, rope, harness, ice axe, map, compass etc.-Climbers usually use different equipment for different purposes. Note: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Bachendri Pal, Indian mountaineer was the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1984. : Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature and the lack of air.

What is used by mountain climbers for survival?

Introduction Equipment brought on an operation is carried in the pack worn on the body. The rucksack can hold much more than a climber can carry. This would be used to carry the following likely equipment:- (a) Cloths and footwear (b) Ropes and slings (c) Climbing equipment (d) Skiing equipment (e) Camping equipment (f) Rescuing equipment (g) Food and water Choice of Equipment Operational requirement will influence the choice of gear.

1. This can be divided into the following:- (a) Personal Gear,
2. Emergency survival kit containing signaling material, fire starting material, food, water.
3. Pocket items should include a knife, whistle, pressure bandage, notebook with pen or pencil, sunglasses, sun block and lip protection, map, compass and or altimeter.

(b) Standard Gear, Standard gear that can be individually worn or carried includes cushion sole socks, combat boots or mountain boots, magazine pouches, and first aid kit, individual weapon, a large rucksack containing waterproof coat and trousers, polypropylene top, sweater, or fleece top, helmet, poncho, and sleeping bag.

1. C). Mountaineering Equipment and Specialized Gear,
2. These are as follows:- ( i ) Sling rope or climbing harness.
3. Ii) Utility cord(s).
4. Iii) Plain carabiners,
5. Iv) Locking carabiners,
6. V) Rappelling gloves.
7. Vi) Rappel/belay device.
8. Vii) Ice axe.
9. Viii) Crampons.
10. Ix) Climbing rope, one per climbing team.

(d). Day Pack, When the climbers plans to be away from the camping site for the day on a mountaineering mission, he carries a light day pack. This pack should contain the following items:- ( i ) Extra insulating layer – polypropylene, pile top, or sweater.

(ii) Protective layer – waterproof jacket and pants, rain suit, or poncho. (iii) First aid kit. (iv) Flashlight or headlamp. (v) Cold weather hat or scarf. (vi) Rations for the time period away from the base camp. (vii) Survival kit. (viii) Sling rope or climbing harness. (ix) Carabiners, (x) Gloves. (xi) Climbing rope, one per climbing team.

(e). Team Safety Pack, When a team leaves the camping site, team safety gear should be carried in addition to individual day packs. This can either be loaded into one rucksack or cross-loaded among the team members. In the event of an injury, casualty evacuation, or unplanned camping, these items will come handy:- ( i ) Sleeping bag.

Ii) Sleeping mat. (iii) Stove. (iv) Fuel bottle. (f). The Ten Essentials, Regardless of what equipment is carried, the individual military mountaineer should always carry the “ten essentials” when moving through the mountains. These are:- ( i ) Map. (ii) Compass, Altimeter, and or GPS. (iii) Sunglasses and Sunscreen,

In snow-covered and glaciated terrain, sunglasses are a vital piece of equipment for preventing snow blindness. They should filter 95 to 100 percent of ultraviolet light. At least one extra pair of sunglasses should be carried by each independent climbing team.

1. Sunscreens should have an SPF factor of 15 or higher.
2. For lip protection, a total UV blocking lip balm that resists sweating, washing, and licking is best.
3. Iv) Extra Food,
4. One day’s worth extra ration should be carried in case of delay caused by bad weather, injury, or navigational error.
5. V) Extra Clothing,

The clothing used during the active part of a climb, and considered to be the basic climbing outfit, includes socks, boots, underwear, pants, blouse, sweater or fleece jacket, hat, gloves or mittens, and foul weather gear (waterproof, breathable outerwear or waterproof rain suit).

• Aa ) Extra clothing includes additional layers needed to make it through the long, inactive hours of an unplanned camping.
• Eep in mind the season when selecting this gear.
• Extra underwear.
• Extra hats or balaclavas.
• Extra pair of heavy socks.
• Extra pair of insulated mittens or gloves.
• In winter or severe mountain conditions, extra insulation for the upper body and the legs.

( ab ) To back up foul weather gear, bring a poncho or extra-large plastic trash bag. A reflective emergency space blanket can be used for hypothermia first aid and emergency shelter. (vi) Headlamp, Headlamps provide the climber a hands-free capability, which is important while climbing, working around the camp, and employing weapons systems.

Vii) First-aid Kit, Decentralized operations, the mountain environment, rugged terrain and loose rock combined with heavy packs, sharp tools, and fatigue requires each climber to carry his own first-aid kit. Common mountaineering injuries that can be expected are punctures and abrasions with severe bleeding, a broken bone, serious sprain, and blisters.

Therefore, the kit should contain at least enough material to stabilize these conditions. (viii) Fire Starter, Fire starting material is key to igniting wet wood for emergency campfires. Candles and heat tabs can work. These can also be used for quick warming of water or soup in a cup.

Xi) Matches and Lighter, Lighters are handy for starting fires, but they should be backed up by matches stored in a waterproof container with a strip of sandpaper. (x) Knife, A multipurpose pocket tool should be secured with cord to the belt, harness, or pack. (g). Other Essential Gear, Other essential gear may be carried depending on mission and environmental considerations.

( i ) Water and Water Containers, These include wide-mouth water bottles for water collection; camel-back type water holders for hands-free hydration; and a small length of plastic tubing for water procurement at snow-melt seeps and rainwater puddles on bare rock,

• Ii) Ice Axe,
• The ice axe is essential for negotiating snowfields and glaciers as well as snow-covered terrain in spring and early summer.
• It helps in step cutting, probing, self-arrest, belays, anchors, direct-aid climbing, and ascending and descending snow and ice covered routes.
• Iii) Repair Kit,
• A repair kit should include:- ( aa ) Stove tools and spare parts.

( ab ) Safety pins. ( ac ) Heavy-duty thread. ( ad ) Needles. ( ae ) Cord and or wire. ( af ) Other repair items as needed. (vi) Insect Repellent. (v) Signaling Devices. (vi) Snow Shovel. Conclusion Carrying correct equipment can help a mountaineers accomplish his mission in given time.

What do mountaineers use to secure the rope against the rock?

Carabiner – A carabiner is a tool that is used to fasten ropes, and is used commonly for outdoor sports.

What do climbers carry on their back?

Types of Climbing Packs – Crag Pack If you’re just getting into rock climbing outside (where the air is clear and the holds are real), you’ll probably be best served by a backpacking pack or, if you know you’re serious, a crag pack. The basic climbing pack, sometimes called a crag pack, is designed specifically to carry climbing gear to the crag: quickdraws, rope, climbing shoes, snacks, water, layers for variable weather conditions.

1. This bulky gear needs to be carried up potentially steep and scrabbly terrain and then be easily accessible at the destined crag.
2. The pack will likely get scraped against rocks and trees on the way.
3. Since the approach or hike to the crag or cliff can be rough, climbing packs are usually made out of Dyneema, ripstop nylon, tarpaulin, or Cordura.

Durability and suspension might be sacrificed for a lighter pack in alpine or mountaineering situations, but for a crag pack you want something that can take daily cragging abuse. Crag packs frequently have multiple handles to easily move them from route to route on the same crag or wall.

• Most crag packs will be about 35 liters to 50 liters and they tend to come in many different opening or loading styles detailed in a section below.
• These different loading styles provide easy access to all of the gear.
• Rope Bags Rope bags are tarps turned into packs to carry your most precious lifeline and keep it clean.

Over time dirt gets inside the rope fibers, getting the belayer’s hands dirty and creating more wear and grime on all of the hardware the rope passes through, but a rope tarp or bag can help minimize this. Rope bags can also make it easier to keep the rope organized and avoid knots forming without having to carefully coil it after each use. Alpine or Mountaineering Packs Alpine packs are designed for more variety of terrain including rock, snow, and ice. They usually have bungee cords or loops on the outside to attach ice climbing tools and crampons without cutting the pack (or the climber wearing the pack).

1. Alpine packs tend to be top loading and of lighter fabrics to shave weight and keep things as simple and streamlined as possible while still carrying everything.
2. They also tend to have simpler closing systems that can be used while wearing gloves.
3. For adventures that are one day or less a good size is 35 to 50 liters.

One of the best companies in the business is Hyperlite Mountain Gear. For just climbing multi-pitch rock faces the 2400 Porter is a great option. If you want to add ice climbing into the mix the 2400 Ice Pack is a great option. Arc’teryx, a company which started by making cutting-edge climbing harnesses, also makes great alpine packs. Rima wearing an older version of the Gregory Alpinista 45 for mountaineering. Notice the loops for carrying ice tools. Overnight or Extended Alpine and Mountaineering For being out in the wilderness then something at least 45 liters or bigger, such as the Black Diamond Mission 75 or the Hyperlite Mountain Gear 4400 Ice Pack make great options.

• These are built for packing the kitchen sink and hauling it up long approaches.
• Speaking of which Haul Bags The well-named haul bag is meant to be pulled up a wall behind you on longer climbs after.
• Since they are pulled up by the rope across a rock face, they are engineered to be streamlined and extremely durable.

The two most widely used fabrics are urethane and vinyl coated nylon. Most haul bags are shaped like big buckets with straps on top. A great lineup of haul bags are made by Metolius, One of the smaller ones such as the Sentinel or Quarter Dome (right) can double up as a crag pack. Summit Packs Summit packs are designed to be small enough to be worn while climbing without hindering movement. This is the smallest category of climbing packs, 10 to 20 liters. Since most of the actual climbing protection including quickdraws, slings, cams, and nuts will be on the climber’s harness loops, the summit pack is for carrying water, snacks, and an extra layer or two of storm protection. Dan Cooper using his red Black Diamond Bullet 16 while climbing in the Gunks (left). Cooper takes a reflective moment out of his busy life as a family man, coordinator of outdoor experiences for NYC students, and starting a microbrewery. Gym Bags This relatively new category accommodates climbers who go to the gym after work. Outside in Utah getting some vitamin D last summer. The author in American Fork Canyon (left) and Liz on a route in Maple Canyon (above).

What do the Mountaineers carry in their rucksack?

A rucksack is a bag with shoulder straps which allow it to be carried on someone’s back, typically made of a strong, waterproof material and widely used by mountaineers. It usually consists of sleeping bag, food packets, first-aid kit, compass, ropes, tent, and other items needed while climbing mountains and hills.

How do mountaineers deal with altitude sickness?

altitude sickness, also called mountain sickness, acute reaction to a change from sea level or other low-altitude environments to altitudes above 8,000 feet (2,400 metres). Altitude sickness was recognized as early as the 16th century. In 1878 French physiologist Paul Bert demonstrated that the symptoms of altitude sickness are the result of a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues of the body.

• Mountain climbers, pilots, and persons living at high altitudes are the most likely to be affected.
• The symptoms of acute altitude sickness fall into four main categories: (1) respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath upon exertion, and deeper and more rapid breathing; (2) mental or muscular symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, dizziness, lassitude, headache, sleeplessness, decreased mental acuity, decreased muscular coordination, and impaired sight and hearing; (3) cardiac symptoms such as pain in the chest, palpitations, and irregular heartbeat; and (4) gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

The symptoms usually occur within six hours to four days after arrival at high altitude and disappear within two to five days as acclimatization occurs. Although most people gradually recover as they adapt to the low atmospheric pressure of high altitude, some persons experience a reaction that can be severe and, unless they return to low altitude, possibly fatal. Britannica Quiz 44 Questions from Britannica’s Most Popular Health and Medicine Quizzes At higher altitudes, the air becomes thinner and the amount of breathable oxygen decreases. The lower barometric pressures of high altitudes lead to a lower partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli, or air sacs in the lungs, which in turn decreases the amount of oxygen absorbed from the alveoli by red blood cells for transport to the body’s tissues.

The resulting insufficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood supply causes the characteristic symptoms of altitude sickness. The main protection against altitude sickness in aircraft is the use of pressurized air in cabins. Mountain climbers often use a mixture of pure oxygen and air to relieve altitude sickness while climbing high mountains.

In addition, the prophylactic use of the diuretic acetazolamide initiated two to three days before ascent may prevent or mitigate acute altitude sickness. A more serious type of altitude sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), occurs rarely among newcomers to altitude but more often affects those who have already become acclimated to high elevations and are returning after several days at sea level.

Why do mountain climbers carry oxygen?

At higher altitudes, the oxygen content decreases which makes breathing difficult for mountaineers. That’s why they carry oxygen cylinders.

How do they secure ropes on Everest?

Why Fixed Ropes? – Class 3 on the Geneva Spur In addition to marking the route, which is extremely useful in whiteout conditions, the fixed line also provides a safety net for a climber in the event of a fall. If the 1996 climbers had been able to follow the fixed rope to the South Col, many would have lived.

1. The problem that is occurring in recent years is that the line can only support so much weight and it is common to have 30, 50 or even 100 people attached to the same rope.
2. While, amazingly it has never happened, if the climbers were to fall together the lines would fail under the load.
3. So in many high traffic areas, there are dual lines established, one for climbers ascending and one for descending climbers.

In 2017, this dual route is established on the Lhotse Face. There are two routes on the Hillary Step but one is designed for climbers to rappel down, just off the Hillary Step proper, and onto an exposed ledge. It has not been used since it was established a few years ago as it requires skills most Everest climbers lack.

1. But sometimes there is simply not enough room for dual ropes.
2. Also, remember that it takes human effort to haul the gear high on the slopes and attach it to the mountain.
3. Ice Screw Stabilizing a Ladder The way the ropes is attached is by using ice screws, primarily in the Icefall or very icey areas but more often by driving an aluminum picket into the snowy mountain side and attaching the rope using another segment of rope.

All in all this is very time consuming and it takes days to get the route set to the summit. That is why we rarely see summits in April as the Tibetans and Sherpas are busy establishing the route while the climbers are acclimatizing. Is this really necessary? Certainly Everest has been climbed successfully without the use of fixed ropes, but this has been by exceptionally skilled and experienced Alpinists like Reinhold Messner.

Why do mountaineers tie themselves together?

Mountaineering – Rope team on the summit ridge of the Großvenediger ; on hard frozen snow there is a higher risk of a fall taking the rest of the team out even on slopes with a gradient of just 30° A rope team during an ascent of the Klockerin, Front right: the Flemish loop attached by carabiner to the harness; on the lifeline to the next person, more brake knots are visible In mountain sports, especially climbing, a rope team is a group of mountaineers or climbers who are linked together by a safety rope,

1. In a more general sense, a group of mountaineers, who are travelling together, may also be known as a rope team.
2. The common safety rope helps to protect individual members of the group from falling.
3. That said, it may also heighten the risk for the group as a whole because, in unfavourable conditions, the fall of a single member may pull the entire party down as well.

In glacier crossings and on easier terrain, long stretches of the route may be negotiated purely by members of the climbing team being roped together without an anchor point being used. For this so-called “walking on a rope” everyone in the party attaches themselves to the safety rope at equal intervals.

For parties of fewer than five people a certain amount of rope remains free at the front and back. The spare rope may be used in the event of a crevasse accident, e.g. to make a Swiss pulley in order to rescue a fallen climber. For larger groups of about four people or more, recovering a fallen man is most easily done using a team pull,

When “walking on a rope”, the fall of one person – for example, into a crevasse – must be broken by the rest of the rope team members. So there is a danger that such a fall can endanger the entire team. On steep firn or ice-covered mountainsides, where possible and appropriate, the rope must be secured to an anchor point or the rope team members must negotiate it individually in order to prevent the risk of one climber falling and pulling the rest down with him.

Why do mountaineers use rope?

Climbing rope – Wikipedia Rope used to secure climbers This article is about rope used in mountaineering and sport climbing. For the gymnastic activity, see,

A climber and a using a climbing rope A climbing rope is a rope that is used in, It is a critical part of an extensive chain of protective equipment (which also includes,,, and ) used by climbers to help prevent potentially fatal fall-related accidents.

Climbing ropes must meet very strict requirements so that they do not break in the event of an accidental fall. However, they also need to be light, flexible for knotting, and resistant to chafing over sharp and rough rocks; all that in all possible weather conditions. Although ropes made of natural fibres such as and were used in the early days of, modern climbing uses made of a core of nylon or other synthetic material and intertwined in a special way, surrounded by a separate sheath woven over it.

The main strength of the rope is in the core, and the sheath of the rope represents only a small fraction of the overall strength of the rope. Climbing ropes can be classified into three categories according to their elasticity: static, semi-static, and dynamic ropes.

Where do climbers pee?

How do climbers pee at high altitudes like Mount Everest? – Peeing is a lot less complicated than pooping during high altitude climbs. You simply pee inside your tent, probably nice and comfy within your sleeping bag, and pee in a bottle that you can seal off.

For extra comfort, some climbers like to bring flexible bottles for peeing. It’s basically a plastic bag, with a bottle opening that you can seal tightly. I hope that this article has provided you with some new insights into defecating in different climbing scenarios. Like I said in the introduction: the question ‘How do climbers poop on a big wall or at high altitudes’ is really an understandable question, that you simply wonder about when you first get into climbing, and yet information about it can be sparsely found.

This article was written to provide that information. Keep in mind that if you’re planning to partake in any of the activities written about in this post, it is always wise to first consult your mentor. Climb on and see you in the next one! : How Do Climbers Poop on Big Walls and at High Altitudes?

What do climbers sleep on?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A5 Portaledge A portaledge is a deployable hanging tent system designed for rock climbers who spend multiple days and nights on a big wall climb, An assembled portaledge is a fabric-covered platform surrounded by a metal frame that hangs from a single point and has adjustable suspension straps. A separate cover, called a stormfly, covers the entire system in the event of bad weather.

What do Sherpas carry?

Sherpa climbers in the Himalayas, making it look easy When you are climbing or trekking in Nepal, you will meet many Sherpa people. What can you expect from them? The term “sherpa” has entered our language as a term for someone who carries things: “I need help carrying these bags, can you be a sherpa for me?” Sherpa climbers are usually responsible for carrying all the team’s equipment up the mountain in “loads”.

1. A Sherpa may carry 10 – 20 loads on an expedition.
2. Sometimes going from basecamp to C2 and back in a day to drop a load.
3. These loads include tents, stoves, gas, food and oxygen.
4. All that stuff has to get to basecamp too and Sherpas take care of that.
5. Either yaks (herded and owned by Sherpas) or porters (usually Sherpa, Tamang or other local people) carry all these loads to basecamp.

So carrying is a big part of what they help us with. “the most experienced high altitude climbers on the planet” Guiding is another. Although very few climbing Sherpa have officially recognized guiding credentials, many of them are the most experienced high altitude climbers on the planet with summits of Everest and other 8000m mountains counted in double figures.

They are very familiar at recognizing signs of altitude sickness, hypoxia, fatigue, frostbite and cerebal/pulmonary edema. These are essential skills for any climbing guide or leader and there are some western guides on Everest that have tremendous mountain knowledge, expertise and decision making, but all at lower altitudes in the Alps or Rockies and they rely heavily on their climbing Sherpa for high altitude assistance.

Hosting is another service that Sherpas provide. Perhaps not a “service” so much as a by product of their nature. The Sherpa people are some of the kindest, most thoughtful people in the world. They almost always seem to think of your needs before theirs, to anticipate how they can help you before you’ve realized that you need help and time and again I’ve been welcomed into homes for delicious and sometimes elaborate meals that I know I didn’t earn, but which my hosts are happy to provide.

The sincerity of both their welcomes and goodbyes leave profound memories for visitors. Many climbers develop friendships with Sherpa people that last for decades and not just climbing Sherpa. There are lodge owners and shopkeepers who recognize me, remember my name and welcome me back to their village or home when I return to Nepal.

If you’re reading this and you’ve been trekking in Nepal, I know you’re nodding your head when you think about the happy, friendly, generous Sherpa people you’ve known. All that stuff has to get to basecamp too and Sherpas take care of that. Either yaks (herded and owned by Sherpas) or porters (usually Sherpa, Tamang or other local people) carry all these loads to basecamp.

What is the most important thing mountaineers should carry along with them?

Having proper technical training and being in excellent physical shape are critical to a successful mountaineering experience. But, before you head out on your first mountaineering trip, you need to be sure you’re equipped with the right gear and clothing.

Mountaineering gear: Items such as mountaineering boots, crampons, a climbing helmet and an ice axe are standard items for almost every mountaineering climb. For trips that take you onto glaciers, you’ll need a rope, harness and crevasse rescue equipment to protect against crevasse falls. Camping gear: For day trips, you’ll need basic items like a backpack, headlamp, hydration system and the Ten Essentials, But, many mountaineering trips require at least a night or two of camping, in which case you’ll need a tent, sleeping bag, sleeping pad and stove. Mountaineering accessories: Accessories like an altimeter watch and navigation tools can make travel in the mountains easier and more comfortable.

Note: These items are required on many mountaineering trips, but not all; the equipment you take along can vary depending on season, route selection and personal preference. As you gain experience you’ll figure out exactly what you need and what you don’t, but for now, use the tips in this article and talk to other climbers about what they use.

What are bags used by mountaineers called?

is a large, rugged bag used by mountaineers to pack all the essentials required for their adventure activity. No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today! No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today! No worries! We‘ve got your back.

How heavy is a Mountaineers pack?

Article by John Scripps, AAI Assistant Registrar, with quotes from Seth Hobby, AAI Instructor and Guide From the September 2006 edition of AAI’s E-newsletter Much is written and said about the importance of “going light.” These commentaries most commonly arise in the context of marketing efforts and in declarations from leading climbers on the determining impact that weight has on their climbing outcomes.

Neither comment on weight is very useful for the would-be buyer when it comes to sorting out price-benefit ratios or when deciding precisely how particular light-weight products fit into the final, important choices of what to bring on any given climb. While we can’t do much to influence the notorious cost of lightweight gear, we can share some of the the technical knowledge and experience necessary for making smart decisions about what you decide to put in your backpack.

When venturing forth into the mountains, we bring clothes, food, and climbing hardware with us for safety and comfort, but bringing too much can both decrease our fun and compromise our safety by slowing us down when time is of the essence. To help guide us through this paradox, we’ve enlisted the help of Seth Hobby, an instructor and guide here at AAI who tells the climbers he works with that “the key to alpinism is simplicity.” We want to show you what “going light” looks like in Seth’s practice of alpinism by examining both the contents of his pack and the logic behind many of his gear choices. Key: = Cooking/Food System = Sleep System = Clothing System = Climbing Equipment = Other items Sleep System Sleeping bag (already packed): A temperature rating between ten and twenty degrees works perfectly in most places, striking a balance between warmth and weight. If it gets much colder, which is rare in a tent, you can wear layers while you sleep. Down is preferable because it is lighter and more compressible. Sleeping pad: Regular or 3/4 length is all you need. The author happens to be 6’6″ and uses a 3/4 length Thermarest. He and Seth both use their rope or pack (whichever is drier) to insulate/cushion their legs when sleeping on snow or rock. On overnight rock climbs, you can use this rope/pack combo in lieu of a pad to save even more weight. Tent: Seth’s is a Black Diamond Firstlight. Weighing two lbs.9 ozs. (1.16kg) and taking up minimal pack space, it’s an ideal 3-season shelter. It isn’t completely waterproof but it stands up well to moderate precipitation and wind, thanks to its low profile. Lightweight Rain Tarp/Emergency Bivi Sack: Used in concert with the Firstlight to protect from rain. The tarp serves multiple uses: rain fly, cooking shelter, emergency bivi sack in case of injury or epic. (Seth uses an Integral Designs Guide SilTarp – weight 1 lb. or 454 grams). Clothing System: Puffy Jacket (Puffy for short): Similar to a sleeping bag, this insultating layer is an essential item that in some incarnations can also take up an excessive amount of space (especially if you buy one that is warmer than you need). Except in the coldest climates/climbing situations (such as at high altitude, at high latitude, or during the winter), a moderate temperature rating is all you need.

Because you depend on the puffy for warmth and because of its likely exposure to the elements, synthetic insulation is preferable here. Down coats, by contrast, are worthless when wet and take a long time to dry. In sum, look for a weight that is appropriate to the climate where you’ll be climbing (not simply the warmest product).

The lighter the weight that will work for you, the better, because it will be more compressible than a warm coat and save space as well as many ounces. Compare Patagonia’s Micro Puff Jacket (at 20.5 ozs. or 581 grams and) with their DAS Parka (at 29 ozs. Waterproof Layers – Top and Bottom: Seth doesn’t carry the standard issue Gore-Tex pants and jacket – the heavy-duty kind you’d wear skiing in winter. His are lightweight, much more packable, and half the price. His jacket and pants are less durable, but his logic is that they’ll only be worn a small percentage of the time anyway. Softshell Layer: What Seth refers to as his “action layer.” Products filling this niche are breathable, quick drying, windproof, and highly water-resistant – they’re made for climbing, in other words. Softshell materials have a much wider comfort range than Gore-Tex and will suffice as an outer layer when rain isn’t a huge concern. Mid-layer: A fleece-type insulating layer that provides warmth. Patagonia’s R1 is an example which weighs only 6.48 ozs. (184 grams). Base-layer: Polypropylene tops and bottoms are buried under Seth’s puffy jacket. His are from Patagonia, and each piece weighs 5.5 ozs. (156 grams). Glove system: One waterproof shell or insulated glove with two sets of lighter-weight “action” gloves. The shell/insulated glove is used as a last resort and worn only when necessary, for added warmth on summit day or in excessively wet/cold conditions.

The two lighter-weight gloves are worn in rotation, with the wet pair always kept on one’s person to dry. Seth uses one pair of softshell-type gloves (the Black Diamond Drytool glove) and one polypropelene fabric glove (such as the Mountain Hardwear Powerstretch glove). Some guides even use Atlas Gloves, which are gardening gloves with a rubber grip.

Seth packs his shell/insulated gloves in his down sleeping bag, because both items function as a last line of defense against cold and absolutely need to be kept dry. Socks: Two pairs for six days, worn and dried in rotation like the action gloves. Some people bring along an extra pair for sleeping, storing the socks in their sleeping bag when not in use. Boots: Leather, full shank, single boot. For a full treatment of the boot subject, please see last month’s Expert Tips article. Climbing Equipment: Backpack: Be careful here. Lightweight packs (2-4 pounds or 906 grams-1.8 kg empty) only carry light loads comfortably (“45 lbs. or 20.4 kg and below”, in Seth’s case). Seth’s is a Wild Things Andinista (3lbs 14oz or 1.76 kg). The pack isn’t built to carry excessively heavy loads as it basically consists of thin padding on the shoulders and hips, a plastic frame sheet, and a single 4000 cubic inch compartment. Rope: Seth’s is a Beal Joker, a 9.1mm dry-treated rope that is marked at the halfway point for quick rappels, weight is 7lbs. (3.18 kg) at 60 meters. This rope is strong enough to hold a lead fall and light enough to bring on glacier traverses. Ropes in the 8mm range will hold crevasse falls, but have to be used in tandem to safely belay the leader on steeper ground. Alpine Ice Rack:

Picket – Just one if you plan to use one of the technical tools as an anchor. (See technical tools description).

6 ice screws- one 21cm or 19cm screw, the rest 17cm 4 shoulder-length Dyneema slings- Dyneema is thin, light, and very strong 2 double-length Dyneema slings 8 non-locking wire gate carabiners- Black Diamond Neutrinos and Hotwires. One quickdraw One cordelette V-thread Five locking carabiners (1 pulleywould be added if the trip involved significant crevasse hazard)

Harness: Seth uses the Black Diamond Alpine Bod. Comfortable for walking, these harnesses are ideal for alpine climbs not involving a lot of hang time. Padded harnesses weigh more, but are much more comfortable to hang in. Evaluate your harness choice accordingly, and don’t take one with features you donÕt need. The Alpine Bod weights 13.92 ozs. (395 grams). Technical tools: Seth’s are Petzl Aztar EXs. These are lightweight, dropped-pick tools designed for climbing steeping ice. Seth saves weight by using one as his glacier axe on lower angle terrain. He saves weight further by using one of his tools as an anchor, rather than bringing an extra picket. These weigh in at 1 lbs 1.62 ozs. (500 grams). Crampons: New-matic designs work with the widest array of technical/rigid climbing boots. Trekking Poles: They may seem like a luxury, but the added weight is more than made up for in the stress they take off of your legs and knees, especially when descending. Field maintenance is easier on poles with the “flick-lock” design. Helmet: Light and strong. The HB Carbon Dyneema 10.57 ozs. (300 grams) and the Petzl Elios (Size 1 weighs 11.10 ozs. / 315 grams and Size 2 weighs 12.16 ozs. / 345 grams), are good choices. Cooking/Food System: Stove set: Seth’s is a JetBoil, which is an integrated burner and mug set-up. These are light, fast, and efficient at cooking/boiling/melting, ideally suited for dehydrated, pouched, and “just add water” meals like the ones Seth has packed. The Jetboil PCS set weighs only 14.98 ozs. (425 grams). Dinner: The one-gallon Ziploc bag on the right carries five dinners! As an affordable alternative to dehydrated meals, Seth brings along Tasty Bite dinners, tuna in a foil pouch (ideal for climbers and sold right next to the canned stuff), and Annie’s mac and cheese. Lunch: The one-gallon bag on the left holds six lunches, mostly breakfast bars, energy bars, and a bag of drink mix. When this photo was taken, Seth hadn’t yet purchased his tortillas and cheese, but all told he thought his six-day food/drink stash would weigh under 5 pounds (2.27 kg). Tea and coffee! Breakfast: Pop tarts! Tasty and ready to eat! Cookies! *Extra Tip: Seth doesn’t carry all his water on the hike in, as there are usually plenty of water sources (streams, snowfields, etc) both on the approach and higher in the mountains. A full Nalgene bottle weighs over 2 pounds – so just carry what you need, make sure you’ve done your research and know where the water sources are likely to be and how much water you will need to get you there. First Aid Kit: Well-stocked for the entire group. Sundry Items (Not Pictured): glacier glasses, visor and bandanna (for sun protection), repair kit (w/ needle/thread, Thermarest repair kit, extra 2″ buckle in case the one on your hip strap falls off or gets stepped on – what Seth refers to as a “showstopper”), sunblock, spoon (the #1 most forgotten item), and basic toiletries.

_ We hope this quick look into a guide’s pack will help you refine your approach to packing for alpine climbs and, hopefully lighten your loads in, the future. With a fully integrated system like Seth’s and where redundancy is only present in the anchors that you build, your final pack weight for six days of alpine climbing should be under 45 pounds (not counting your rope and hardware).

It’s a great goal to strive for, and if you succeed, you will reap the benefits repeatedly in the many years and mountains that are in your future. Good luck!

What stuff do you need to climb Mount Everest?

Mount Everest Climbing Gear List:

What is the reason for carrying along with black sunglasses?

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 5 Environmental Studies Chapter 24 A Visit to Mountains – Text Book Questions Think and give answers of the following (Page No.136) Question 1. Have you ever tried to climb a mountain? Answer: No, I have not tried to climb a mountain.

1. Question 2.
2. What is the difference between walking on a road and climbing a mountain? Answer: Climbing a mountain is more difficult than walking on a road, because without carrying an oxygen cylinder it is difficult to breath.
3. Sometimes, landslides take place and undulation relief creates difficulty in climbing a mountain.

Points for discussion (Page No.136) Question 1. You must have tried to reach any temple situated on a mountain in a nearby area. Who were the other people along with you at that time? What were the instructions given to you by them, narrate your experiences? Answer: Yes, we tried to reach a temple on a mountain.

• We should climb a mountain very slowly, otherwise breathing trouble can happen.
• Due to undulating relief, utmost caution is required.
• Our body temperature increases while climbing the mountain. Hence we should drink water at regular intervals.
• Monkeys are found in plenty in these regions. So, we should climb with our elders.

Think and write the answers of the following (Page No.136) Question 1. Why do we feel breathless while climbing the mountains? Answer: Climbing a mountain is extremely difficult and risky. Due to its steep slopes we have to cany- oxygen cylinder to breathe properly.

1. Difficulty in breathing occurs due to low pressure at high altitude.
2. Question 2.
3. Have you ever made a trip to any mountain? If yes, then discuss and write your experiences.
4. Answer: Yes, I have made a trip to a mountain.
5. Difficulty in breathing occurs due to low pressure at high altitude.
6. Monkeys are found in plenty in the mountains.

So, we should climb with our elders. We should climb a mountain very slowly, otherwise breathing trouble can happen. Steep slopes, extreme cold weather and icy winds are found here continuously. But, the natural beauty of the mountainous region is very good.

Different types of vegetation are found here. Many small springs and fountains are also found here. Think and answer the following (Page No.137) Question 1. What difficulties do the mountaineers face while climbing? Answer: Mountaineers face different types of difficulties while climbing such as steep slopes, extreme cold weather and icy winds, difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitude.

Question 2. How the arrangements of food would have been made for these people? Answer: Mountaineers always carry food cans, water bottles, raw food etc. with them. They make gas fire by stones and collect timber for cooking food on their own. Explore and write the answer of the following (Page No.137) Question 1.

Why do the people wear black glasses while climbing a mountain? Answer: Mountains are always covered with white snow. When sunrays fall on them, it radiates and directly come to the eyes. These rays are very harmful for the eyes and hence the mountaineers wear black glasses while climbing mountains. Question 2.

What do the mountaineers wear on hands while climbing a mountain? Answer: Mountaineers wear special hand gloves to protect them from snow and icy winds. Question 3. Why do people take pointed stick with them while climbing mountain? Answer: Mountaineers take pointed stick with them to climb comfortably and it also saves them from slipping.

• Question 4.
• What is the use of pointed nails in the mountaineering shoes? Answer: The pointed nails attached under the shoes protect them from slipping on the slopes.
• Explore and give answers of the following (Page No.139) Question 1.
• Who was the eldest woman mountaineer to join the Mt Everest campaign? Answer: Premlata Agarwal (48 years).

Question 2. Who was the youngest woman to get victory over the Mt Everest? Answer: Santosh Yadav (20 years) Explore and write the answers of the following (Page No.140) Question 1. What is a landslide? Answer: The process of moving, sliding or falling of soil and rocks downwards from slopes is called landslide.

1. Think and give answer of the following (Page No.141) Question 1.
2. What are the harmful effects of the increasing trash on the mountains? Answer: Many mountaineers take plastic articles with them while trying to climb the mountains and leave those articles there only.
3. Due to this, there is a continuous increase in the trash on the mountains.

These trash is causing harm to the environment there. Question 2. What equipment do the mountai-neers carry? Answer: Mountaineers carry oxygen cylinder, food cans, water bottles, ropes, hooks, plastic sheets, shoes, diary, towel, torch, soap, jacket, glucose, jaggery, grams, sleeping bags and other essential things.

Points for discussion (Page No.141) Question 1. Assume that you have been selected for mountaineering. What preparations would you make for it, such as materials, practice etc.? Answer: (i) We should carry oxygen cylinder, Food cans, water bottles, ropes, hooks, plastic sheets, shoes, diary, towel, torch, soap, jacket, glucose, jaggery, grams, sleeping bags and other essential things, when we go for mountaineering.

(ii) We should get our blood pressure checked, practice walking and take knowledge about the difficulties which might come in the mountainous areas. Question 2. If you have visited any tourist place, then write your experience about the trash there. What suggestions will you give to prevent the scattering of trash? Answer: I went to Mathura.

Trash was scattered all over. I felt ill and breathing problems due to the bad odour from the trash. Suggestions to prevent the scattering of trash : (a) We should spread consciousness among local people to maintain cleanliness. (b) Local people should be asked to gather trash and put in the dustbins only.

(c) To spread the awareness about recycling of trash among localities. (d) To keep the city clean with the help of municipal corporation. Learnt, understood and now tell (Page No.142) Question 1. What type of difficulties a person has to face during mountaineering? Answer: Climbing a mountain is extremely difficult and risky.

Many people lose their lives while climbing a mountain, due to its steep slopes, extreme cold weather, icy winds and difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitudes. Sometimes landslides also takes place. Question 2. What essential qualities a mountaineer should have? Answer: Discipline, capability to take risk, patience and tolerance are the qualities essential for a mountaineer.

Question 3. Write the names of few mountain peaks- of the world. Answer: Few important mountain peaks of the world are Mt Everest, Mt McKinley, Kanchenjunga, Mt Elbrus, Godwin Austin, Mt Aconcagua etc. Question 4. Why does a mountaineer require an oxygen cylinder? Answer: In the mountainous regions, difficulty in breathing occurs due to low pressure at high altitudes.

• So, the mountaineers have to carry an oxygen cylinder with them to breathe properly.
• Other Important Questions Objective Type Questions : Question 1.
• He discovered that Mt Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world.
• A) Edmund Hillary (b) Tenzing Sherpa (c) Bachendri Pal (d) Sir George Everest Answer: (d) Sir George Everest Question 2.

The first Indian woman who climbed Mt McKinley of Alaska. (a) Premlata Agarwal (b) SantoshYadav (c) Bachendri Pal (d) None of these Answer: (a) Premlata Agarwal Question 3. Santosh Yadav is a renowned mountain climber because (a) She was the first and youngest woman in the world who climbed the Mt Everest.

• (a) She was the first and youngest woman in the world who climbed the Mt Everest.
• Question 4. Bachendri Pal was born in (a) Haryana (b) Uttarakhand (c) Jharkhand (d) None of these Answer:
• (b) Uttarakhand
• Question 5. Premlata Agarwal is remembered with honour, because she was (Board Paper) (a) A mountaineer (b) An astronaut (c) A rail driver (d) A doctor Answer:
• (a) A mountaineer
• Fill in the blanks :

1, was the first lady who reached the Mt Everest.2,was the first Indian lady who climbed Mt McKinley.3 was the youngest and first lady (20 years) who climbed the Mt Everest.4, is the highest mountain peak of the world. Answer: 1. (Bachendri Pal) 2. (Premlata Agarwal) 3.

1. SantoshYadav) 4.
2. Mt Everest) State True or False : Question 1.
3. The world’s highest peak is Mt Everest.
4. Answer: True Question 2.
5. Mt Everest was named after Sir George Everest’s name only.
6. Answer: True Question 3.
7. The mountaineers should not carry an oxygen cylinder with them.
8. Answer: False Question 4.
9. Mountaineers should have the capability to take risks and have patience and tolerance.

Answer: True Very Short Answer Type Questions : Question 1. Which is the world’s highest peak? Answer: Mt Everest. Question 2. Who discovered Mt Everest and when? Answer: Sir George Everest discovered Mt Everest in the year 1841. Question 3. Who were the first persons to reach the world’s highest peak, the Mt Everest? Answer: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Sherpa in 1953.

1. Question 4.
2. Edmund Hillary belonged to which country? Answer: New Zealand.
3. Question 5.
4. Which country did Tenzing Sherpa belong to? Answer: Nepal.
5. Question 6.
6. Who became the first woman to climb the Mt Everest? Answer: Bachendri Pal.
7. Question 7.
8. Write the location of Mt Everest.
9. Answer: Mt Everest lies on the border of Nepal and Tibet.

Question 8. Where and when was Premlata Agarwal born? Answer: Premlata Agarwal was bom in Jugatlai, Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) in 1963. Question 9. Where did Santosh Yadav take education? Answer: Maharani College, Jaipur. Question 10. At what age Santosh Yadav became the youngest woman to climb the Mt Everest? Answer: At the age of 20 years.

• Question 11.
• How much time did Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Sherpa take to reach Mt.
• Everest? Answer: 2 months.
• Short Answer Type questions Question 1.
• How did the Mt Everest, the world’s highest mountain peak, get its name? Answer: The world’s highest peak is Mt Everest.
• Sir George Everest discovered in 1841, that it is the highest mountain peak in the world.

This peak was named Mt Everest after Sir George Everest’s name only. Question 2. Why is the environment of Mt Everest being harmed? Answer: Many mountaineers take plastic articles with them while trying to climb Mt Everest and leave those articles there only.

Due to this, there is a continuous increase in the trash on the mountains. Similarly, trash on Everest is increasing, which in turn is causing harm to the environment of that place. Question 3. Who are mountaineers? Answer: Mountaineers are those people who have hobby, eagerness and profession to climb mountains.

Discipline, capability to take risk, patience and tolerance are the qualities essential for a mountaineer. Question 4. Why is it risky to reach the top of Mt Everest? Answer: Climbing a mountain is extremely difficult and risky. Many people lose their lives while climbing to reach the peak of Mt Everest, due to its steep slopes, extreme cold weather, icy winds and difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitudes.

Question 5. Write about the mountaineer Santosh Yadav. Answer: Santosh Yadav was born in the village of Joniyaw as situated in the district Rewari in Haryana state. She studied at Maharani college in Jaipur. At the age of 20 years, she became the youngest woman to climb the Mt Everest. In addition to she was the first woman of the world to climb the Mt Everest successfully from the Kangshung side.

She achieved success in climbing the Mt Everest. Essay Type Questions : Question 1. Write a note on mountaineer Premlata Agarwal. Answer: (i) Mountaineer Premlata Agarwal was born in Jugatlai, Jamshedpur (Jharkhand). (ii) She started mountaineering at the age of 35 years, with the guide and encouragement from Bachendri Pal.

She became a member of an international team of the Everest expedition, started under the supervision of the Asian Trekking Company of Nepal. (iii) She achieved the honour of reaching the Mt Everest peak at the age of 48 years (20th May 2011). (iv) At the age of 50, she got a new achievement by getting victory over the Mt McKinley in Alaska of North America.

She was the first Indian woman to climb this mountain. Question 2. Write a note on Mt Everest. Answer: World’s highest peak is Mt Everest which lies on the border of Nepal and Tibet. It’s height is near about 8848 mts. Sir George Everest discovered that it is the highest mountain peak in the world.

This peak was named Mt Everest after Sir George Everest’s name only. Climbing a mountain.is extremely difficult and risky. Many people lose their lives while climbmg to reach the peak of Mt Everest, due to its steep slopes, extreme cold weather,,icy winds and difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitudes.

Two courageous persons Edmund Hillary of New7 Zealand (1953) and Tenzing Sherpa of Nepal Were the first persons to reach the world’s highest peak, the Mt Everest. They took 2 months to reach there. By this journey, they searched near about 16 ways to reach Mt Everest.

• Bachendri Pal became the first woman, who climbed the Mt Everest on 23rd May, 1984.
• Question 3.
• Write a note on the adventurous mission of Bachendri Pal.
• Answer: Bachendri Pal was born in Nakori village in Uttarakhand state.
• I) She was a girl of courage and determination right from her childhood.
• At the age of 12 years, in a picnic, Bachendri climbed a mountain (13125 feet) just while playing.

(ii) After getting the training from the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, she participated in the mountaineering expedition of Gangotri mountain (21900 feet) and Rudugera mountain (19091 feet). (iii) Because of her courage and enthusiasm, she was selected for the Everest Expedition team of 84 members.

• While climbing Everest (1984), there was a heavy landslide.
• Bachendri was badly hurt on the back of her head.
• All the ‘team members were also injured and they returned.
• But she did not give up.
• Due to her courage and strong determination, she became the first woman to climb the Mt Everest on 23rd May 1984.

Question 4 Write the names of 3 apparatus carried by the mountaineers while climbing up snow covered mountains. Write the reasons of carrying them. (Model Paper) Answer: (i) Name of apparatus : Black glasses. Reason for carrying: For protecting the eyes from the harmful rays of the Sun.

1. Ii) Name of apparatus : Oxygen cylinder.
2. Reason for carrying : To avoid the trouble of breathing.
3. Iii) Name of apparatus : Spearhead shoes.
4. Reason for carrying : To avoid sliding on the ice.
5. Question 5.
6. Name 3 Indian mountaineer women and write the names of the victorious peaks by them.
7. Answer: (i) Premlata Agarwal – (a) Mt Everest, (b) Mt McKinley (ii) Santosh Yadav – (a) Mt Everest (iii) Bachendri Pal – (a) Mt Everest Question 6.

Match the following (A to B) Answer:

Question 7. Write the names of 3 mountaineers and tell the special work done by them. Answer:

1. (i) Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Sherpa- Two courageous persons Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Sherpa (Nepal) were the first persons to reach the world’s highest peak, the Mt Everest.
2. (ii) Santosh Yadav- At the age of 20 years, Santosh Yadav became the first youngest woman of the world to climb the Mt Everest successfully.
3. (iii) Bachendri Pal- Bachendri Pal (Uttarakhand) was the first Indian woman who climbed the Mt Everest.

We hope the RBSE Solutions for Class 5 Environmental Studies Chapter 24 A Visit to Mountains will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 5 Environmental Studies Chapter 24 A Visit to Mountains, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Jack Gloop