What is Trust and Safety? – Trust and Safety is the set of business practices whereby an online platform reduces the risk that users will be exposed to harm, fraud, or other behaviors that are outside community guidelines. This is becoming an increasingly important function at online platforms as they look to protect their users while improving customer acquisition, engagement, and retention.

Effective Trust and Safety programs create a safe and inclusive environment for users, allowing platforms to build and maintain relationships while growing the size and diversity of the audience. As platforms support new ways for users to communicate – text, image, voice, video, etc. – their Trust and Safety solutions must evolve to protect users on these channels.

Learn More: The State of Trust & Safety White Paper

What does trust and safety teams do?

Why have a trust and safety team? – If users don’t trust a platform to keep them safe from bad actors or offensive content, they won’t use that platform. The T&S team’s job is to maintain a safe and fair place for users to communicate and conduct business by addressing trust and safety issues.

Fraud is one significant concern that an online marketplace might have, but it’s far from the only one. Trust and safety officers can work together with fraud prevention professionals to prevent events like attack takeover fraud, chargeback abuse, the sale of counterfeit goods, and social engineering scams, but the trust and safety team also takes their responsibilities one step further.

For instance, say that someone posts offensive or harmful content in an online marketplace. It isn’t fraud and it isn’t illegal, but it does make the marketplace an unpleasant place to spend time. It damages the user’s trust in the marketplace administrators’ ability to moderate the users on their site.

Thus, in this scenario, a trust and safety officer would be responsible for removing the offensive posts and taking action against the offending user if the abuse continues. By taking the steps to ensure that community guidelines are implemented and enforced, marketplaces can show users their commitment to a secure and enjoyable experience.

That trust can result in peer recommendations, more users, and a thriving online community.

Why is trust and safety so important?

Summary and key takeaways – The importance of trust and safety in the digital age cannot be overstated. By investing in robust security measures, privacy policies, and user control, businesses can create a secure and reliable online environment that promotes user satisfaction, brand reputation, and customer retention.

What does Google trust and safety do?

Trust & Safety is Google’s team of abuse fighting and user trust experts working daily to make the internet a safer place. We partner with teams across Google to deliver bold solutions in abuse areas such as malware, spam and account hijacking.

What is trust and safety description?

What is Trust and Safety? – Trust and Safety (T&S) is an umbrella term for the department, technology, policy, and mission online platforms establish to protect their users. Fraud, harassment, offensive content, and spam are just a few examples of the risks Trust and Safety teams aim to mitigate within their communities.

T&S tactics like creating community guidelines, enforcing violation consequences, and implementing moderation software are essential steps organizations must take to build brand loyalty, safeguard their reputation, and deliver a positive experience for all parties interacting with the forum and each other.

It is an ever-evolving concept that businesses must keep a pulse on to provide users the same high level of protection, even when introducing new communication channels or words take on new meanings. For more information: Why You Need to Know More About Digital Trust and Safety

What does TikTok trust and safety do?

TikTok is the leading destination for short-form mobile video. Our mission is to inspire creativity and bring joy. The Trust & Safety team at TikTok helps ensure that our global community is safe and empowered to create and enjoy content across all of our applications.

How do you improve trust and safety?

How do you develop trust and psychological safety? – Trust and psychological safety are not given, but earned and maintained through intentional and consistent actions from both leaders and team members. To develop trust and psychological safety, be authentic and transparent by showing your true self, admitting mistakes, and sharing goals and challenges.

Respect and support others by listening actively, acknowledging different perspectives, and offering constructive feedback. Be curious and open-minded by asking questions, seeking feedback, and exploring new ideas. Finally, be courageous and accountable by speaking up, sharing opinions, and taking risks to contribute to the team’s goals and demonstrate commitment.

Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.)

When it comes to feeling psychologically safe at work, knowing your team members on a personal level can play a crucial role. Managers should foster a friendly work environment by encouraging team bonding activities and provide opportunities for members to connect with each others, so they feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and opinions. When individuals feel like they belong to a group, they are more likely to share their insights therefore increasing collaboration, creativity, and innovation within the team. When team members feel psychologically safe, they are more likely to take risks and try new things without the concerned of being judged. As a result teams are more productive and enjoy a positive work environment. Upvote as insightful

What companies have trust and safety?

Here are some of the companies that have “Trust and Safety” initiatives: eBay, Airbnb, Twitter, Upwork, TaskRabbit, etc. What is Trust and Safety? How does it compare and contrast with fraud? When I google the word fraud, here is what it says: “wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain”.

1. Two nouns are important in this definition: deception and gain, they describe how and intention.
2. Trust and Safety is a term commonly used on platforms where people interact.
3. It is the foundation to enable unfamiliar or total strangers to treat each other peacefully and fairly.
4. When such platforms involve transactions or trading, they are called marketplaces, such as eBay; but they don’t have to involve money, for example, a dating service needs Trust and Safety as much as a marketplace.

Another example is the new Trust and Safety Council at Twitter. Trust, to some extent, is a perception, but its basis is safety. Only when people feel confident and comfortable about the safety of their presence and activities, in other words, there is no negative implication or loss to themselves, then they trust the platform and other people on the platform.

Trust and Safety is often more policy-driven. Unlike fraud which bears a universal understanding, policies are designed and put in place stragetically. The policy teams choose and decide on what policies curate the desired culture (and user base) of a platform, as well as bring the maximum business returns.

Let’s look at some examples. Case #1: A stolen credit card is used at an online merchant by a fraudster. The legit account owner discovers the unauthorized charge when she reviews her monthly statement. It’s clearly fraud, payment fraud. The legit account owner of the stolen card and the merchant are victims of identity theft.

1. Is this a safety issue on the merchant? A general sentiment is that the merchant shouldn’t have allowed the transaction, or, some might even blame the merchant for the fact the card is stolen.
2. Hardly anyone blames the issuing bank that has OK’ed the transaction.
3. Or, more interestingly, people will blame the merchant more than the fraudsters themselves – after all, fraudsters are virtual, merchant’s name is on the statement.

Though the merchant is a victim, probably has lost both the funds and the goods, has had to pay the chargeback fees, is not involved in any criminal activities of stealing credit card numbers, they still lose the battle of trust. As a merchant, whether they like it or not, they need to manage payment fraud rate, not just to reduce the financial losses, but to protect brand and reputation, to build trust among their customers.

Case #2: On a platform that two parties can rate each other, party A gives a low rating to party B because of the poor service provided by B; B, on learning it, gives a low rating to A even though A hasn’t done anything wrong. This is called retaliation. It’s harmful to the platform, and creates hostility for good citizens on the platform.

The consequence of uncontrolled rating retaliation can easily result in loss of good customers, and making the rating system degrade severely. Is this fraud? Nope. Surely, B doesn’t tell the truth by giving a wrong rating, but there is no financial gain involved.

Is this involving Trust and Safety? Absolutely. People will no longer feel safe to express their true opinions, therefore, will probably part the untrustworthy platform. Case #3: A data breach happens at a company in which customer’s identity data has been stolen. It’s a security incident. Hackers have successfully broken into the systems, bypassing security protection.

It’s not fraud. Breaking into protected data is more violence than deception. Plus, it’s unclear how these stolen identity data will be used (well, likely they will be used in some fraud eventually). Is this involving Trust and Safety. Yes! Customers lose confidence in businesses who cannot properly protect their private data, as a result, the businesses lose their trust as well as their business,

1. Case #4 Sellers on an online marketplace sell counterfeit luxury items such as fake Tiffany jewelries at a very low price.
2. These items are clearly described as imitations, but carry the Tiffany label and trademark colored boxes.
3. It’s not fraud, because the sellers are honest at disclosing the inauthenticity.

They also don’t sell them at the same price as authentic items. However, as a consumer who wants to buy authentic jewelries, she won’t be as comfortable shopping at this marketplace knowing that some of them could be fake (even though they are marked so).

1. For those consumers, a marketplace that takes control and makes sure the quality and authenticity of all items is a more preferred shopping destination.
2. Trust and Safety covers a lot more areas than the more focused Fraud and Security.
3. If I may, it’s a super set that includes fraud and security.
4. Though the term is popular within platforms, it’s absolutely applicable to merchants.

It is crucial to build a trusted brand where customers don’t worry about possibility of being hurt or getting taken advantage of.

How much does a trust and safety analyst make at Google?

Trust and Safety Analyst salaries at Google can range from ₹15,28,472-₹16,71,807.

What is trust and safety fee?

Trust and Safety Fee includes up to $10,000 of coverage for contents damage and up to $1,000,000 coverage for property damage and bodily injury.

What are the 5 C’s of trust?

5. Competence – We have discussed many of the soft skills needed for building trust. However, regardless of how caring, communicative, and consistent a leader may be, they will not establish trust if they are not competent. You must build the knowledge to master your craft.

You can’t fake competence. You must be competent if you are to earn the trust of those around you. The message to all aspiring leaders is to take the time necessary to build your skill. Opportunities will come. And, when they do, be ready for them, having built your résumé through experiential learning.

Creating a high-trust environment is not easy. However, the components are clear: care, communication, character, consistency and competence. Applying these on a day-to-day basis requires powerful commitment. Resiliency depends on it.

What are the 5 key trust principles?

How “Adequate” Are Your Adequate Procedures? When the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (Amendment) Act 2018 was passed by Parliament in April 2018, all eyes were on the most notable amendment made which introduced the corporate liability provision in Malaysia.

• The new section 17A of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act (“the MACC Act”) allows for a company to be prosecuted for corrupt conduct committed by an associated person.
• This provision will come into force on June 1, 2020.
• Prior to this amendment which introduces section 17A, the penalties under the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 were only applicable to Malaysian citizens and permanent residents (individuals) who committed the corrupt acts.

With the introduction of section 17A, a company will now be exposed to liability for a corrupt act committed by associated persons. Upon conviction, the company shall be liable to a fine of not less than 10 times the value of the gratification, or RM1 million ringgit (whichever is higher).

Interestingly, the term “associated persons” in the newly-amended MACC Act covers not only the employees of the company but also includes any person who performs services for and on behalf of the company. This means the conduct of the company’s agents, consultants, JV partners, distributors, nominees or trustees may also expose the company to potential liability.

In the event the company is charged under section 17A of the newly-amended MACC Act, subsection (4) of the same section provides that “it is a defence for the commercial organization to prove that the commercial organization had in place adequate procedures to prevent persons associated with the commercial organization from undertaking such conduct”,

1. In other words, the corrupt act was committed in spite of such adequate procedures had been established.
2. Taking into account that companies may be in the dark as to what may be considered as “adequate procedures”, a 10-page Ministerial Guidelines on Adequate Procedures was issued in December 2018 to provide some guidance for companies on the elements that the anti-corruption regulator may look for in ascertaining whether adequate procedures are in place.

In the Ministerial Guidelines, there are five (5) principles outlined which are known as the “TRUST Principles” (T – top level commitment; R – risk assessment; U – undertake control measures; S – systematic review, monitoring and enforcement; T – training and communication),

1. The TRUST Principles describe the steps and actions which may be implemented by companies in preventing corruption from happening.
2. Essentially, a culture to fight corruption should be inculcated with a top-to-bottom approach with the tone against corruption being set by the senior management.
3. These Principles also emphasise the requirement for procedures to be set up by the company to deal with risk assessment, reviews, control measures and training/communication with whistle-blowing procedures also in place.

Section 17A only renders the company liable for the act of its associated person in corruptly giving, agreeing to give, promising or offering to any person any gratification with the intent to obtain or retain business or business advantage. (The act of receiving gratification is covered under section 16 and/or section 17 of the MACC Act.) Section 17A(3) further states “where an offence is committed by a commercial organisation, a person – (a) who is its director, controller, officer or partner; or (b) who is concerned in the management of its affairs at the time of the commission of the offence, is deemed to have committed that offence unless that person proves that the offence was committed without his consent or connivance and that he exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence as he ought to have exercised, having regard to the nature of his function in that capacity and to the circumstances.” This deeming provision creates a presumption of criminal liability against the senior personnel of the company with the only defences available being that the corrupt act was committed without his or her consent or connivance and he or she had exercised the necessary due diligence to prevent such an offence.

As the effective date draws closer, companies have barely a few more months to roll out their adequate procedures.The question that begs to be answered is therefore: “How ‘adequate’ are your adequate procedures”?If you have any queries or require further information on how we may be able to assist you, please feel free to contact us:

: How “Adequate” Are Your Adequate Procedures?

Is TikTok safe for 12 year olds?

How much do you know about TikTok? Maybe you’ve heard of it but haven’t used it. Or if you have used TikTok, you may think of it as an app for sharing videos of teens doing funny dances or cute pets doing tricks, which it is. But it is more than that. For starters, TikTok is now the world’s most downloaded app and the world’s #1 most visited website, ahead of Google (#2) and Facebook (#3).

• Every day, more than one billion different videos are viewed on TikTok.
• Experts agree that the key to its success is its unique algorithm,
• When you join TikTok, you are asked some questions about your interests and what sort of things you’d like to see.
• TikTok then offers you some of the most popular videos that match your interests and starts monitoring what you do.

It takes note of which videos you watch and—crucially— how much time you spend watching them, and which videos you watch more than once. The algorithm then hones your preferences. Within hours, or even minutes, your videos become more specific, more customized to your interests.

The results are uncanny. ” TikTok can read my mind ” is a common refrain among young people, as the app soon starts serving up videos that are precisely what the viewer was hoping to see: whether it’s a funny cat video, or a video of synchronized swimming, or one about applying glitter make-up, or a video of a pretty girl dancing in a way that appeals to a particular teen boy and wearing precisely the outfit that boy finds most arousing, doing exactly the moves that the boy finds most irresistible.

And the same is true of sexual variations. ” TikTok knew I was bisexual (or gay, or trans) before I did” is a common trope online. Is TikTok Harmful? TikTok is customized. It can be addictive. But is it truly harmful to teens? That depends on how a teen uses it.

• Adolescence can be confusing.
• Young people are struggling to figure out who they are.
• Increasingly, they are looking online for clues and for guidance.
• Doctors at Texas Children’s Hospital used to see one, maybe two teenagers a year presenting with new-onset Tourette syndrome.
• Between spring 2020 and autumn 2021, that number skyrocketed to about 60,

Psychiatrists worldwide—from the South Atlantic island of St Helena, to New Caledonia in the South Pacific, to almost anywhere on the planet where kids have access to the Internet—began reporting a surge of teenage girls self-diagnosing with Tourette syndrome,

Many of these girls are shouting out “beans!” at unpredictable intervals. Psychiatrists in England call these girls “Evies” because their behavior resembles that of Evie Meg Field, whose TikTok videos have earned her more than 14 million followers and more than 500 million likes. In a characteristic video, Evie shouts out “beans” uncontrollably.

In an earlier era, the sudden appearance of myriad teenage girls shouting out “beans” might have been called mass hysteria. Today, the preferred term is ” social media induced illness,” Other issues can lead quickly down a rabbit hole. Go to TikTok and type “how can I lose weight?” and it will offer many options.

• The TikTok hashtag #diet has had over 11 billion views.
• There, you will find videos encouraging viewers that simply doing some planks and leg lifts will result in becoming slim in just 16 days (that particular video has had over 32 million views).
• Scrolling through the videos, it’s easy to be drawn into a spiral of more videos that speak directly to an individual situation.

Alyssa Moukheiber, a dietitian at a residential treatment center for eating disorders in northern Illinois, says, “The TikTok algorithm is just too freaking strong.” The algorithm sucks girls into a world that promises physical perfection for just trying a little harder.

Girls who post videos on TikTok soon discover that their online popularity is linked to their sexuality. Newport Academy is an Atlanta-based treatment center for eating disorders. Crystal Burwell, the program’s director of outpatient services, recently noted that 60% of the girls treated since last summer have posted “sexually inappropriate” videos on TikTok.

A similar observation comes from Paul Sunseri, director of the New Horizons Child and Family Institute in El Dorado Hills, California, who is concerned about the growing number of girls who are posting sexualized videos on TikTok. “For a young girl who’s developing her identity, to be swept up into a sexual world like that is hugely destructive,” he says.

• When teen girls are rewarded for their sexuality, they come to believe that their value is in how they look.” Sunseri estimates that about one-quarter of the girls at his clinic have posted sexualized content on TikTok.
• Boys are not immune.
• A growing number of teen boys are getting sucked into TikTok’s algorithm, which often means they are seeing TikTok videos of young men who are bigger, more muscular, than they are.

That can lead to ” bigorexia,” boys becoming obsessed with acquiring the muscle-bound look exemplified by The Rock and the entire cinematic Marvel universe of he-men. Advice For Parents So, what’s a parent to do about TikTok? The first step is for parents to have a frank conversation with their daughters—and their sons—about the dangers of TikTok.

I have heard teen girls say, “I saw it on TikTok” with the same air of authority as a middle-aged woman a few years back might have said, “I heard it on Dr. Oz.” In both cases, the speaker is citing an authority they believe to be unchallengeable. Parents, make sure your kids understand that a TikTok video is not authoritative, even it has 10 million likes.

At what age should a child be allowed to be on TikTok? Jean Twenge, our nation’s leading researcher on how social media impacts child and adolescent development, recommends that no child under 13 should be on any social media, including TikTok. And I would add that many 13-year-olds aren’t ready.

1. TikTok offers a curated version of their app for under-13s.
2. Don’t use it.
3. That watered-down version is designed to fuel interest in the grown-up version.
4. Twelve-year-olds don’t like to be on the kiddie version of anything.
5. And tweens quickly figure out that if they lie about their age, they can easily access the full version.

As with any social media, the parent must limit, govern, and guide their teen’s use. At this time, we don’t have evidence that 10 or 15 minutes a day on TikTok, or social media in general, is harmful. One study of more than 220,000 teens found that the risk of bad outcomes began to increase after more than 30 minutes of social media a day, on average (see, for example, Figure 3 ).

However, that study was published in 2019, based on data gathered before TikTok became the most-viewed social media for teens. An hour a day on TikTok is definitely too much. Kids have better things to do with their time than spending an hour a day on TikTok. So I advise parents to install parental monitoring apps to limit how much time kids are spending on TikTok.

That’s where many parents push back. One parent told me: “I think it’s important to show my daughter that I trust her. Installing a monitoring app implies that I don’t trust her. Besides, I already use the TikTok Family Pairing option, so that I can see what my daughter is doing in the app.” I remind parents that I see many teens who have created two TikTok accounts.

• One is the “clean” account which they show to their parents and which their parents follow on the Family Pairing option.
• The other is the real account, where the daughter is watching, or posting, the videos she doesn’t want her parents to see.
• Then the parent says: ” My daughter would never create a secret account just to deceive me.” I explain that if all the girl’s friends are doing it and advising her to do it, what is that girl supposed to say to her friends? It’s not reasonable to expect a modern American girl to say, “I know all you guys are doing it, but I won’t do it because I don’t want to deceive my parents.” The parent needs to allow the daughter to tell her friends, “I can’t do that, because my parents have installed this evil monitoring app that sees everything I do!” Anne Sena is Director of Technology at St David’s School in Raleigh, North Carolina.

She recently told me that she uses the Bark parental monitoring app to monitor and limit her teen’s online activities across social media, email, web browsers, and YouTube. She likes that Bark installs a VPN so that the controls are in place when her teen is outside of the home network, for example at a friend’s house or using a network provided by a cell phone.

In Sena’s own home, she uses the Circle Home Plus device as well as the Apple’s screen time controls and Microsoft Family Safety to enforce time limits and provide an added layer of search protection on the family’s home computers. There are other similar monitoring and filtering programs out there, including the Canopy app, for parents to choose from.

“That sounds like a lot of work,” one mother told me the other day when I suggested that she follow Sena’s example. And it may be, especially for those of us who are not as knowledgeable about VPNs and screen time controls. But if taking these steps decreases the risk of more teens becoming anxious and/or depressed, I think the extra effort is worth it.

I recently spoke with a young woman who is a senior in college. She admits that she used to spend up to four hours a day on TikTok. But one of her professors inspired her to take control of her time, and she now spends 5 minutes a day, or less, on the app. She says she has reconfigured TikTok to show her only those videos that are closely related to her professional interests.

She gives her professor the credit for inspiring her to cut back. I am inclined to give her the credit for finding the courage to govern herself—even when many of her peers can’t, or won’t. Leonard Sax MD PhD is a practicing family physician and the author of four books for parents, including The Collapse of Parenting, which was a New York Times bestseller.

Is TikTok OK?

How safe is TikTok? – Using any social network can be risky, but it’s possible for kids to safely use the app with adult supervision (and a private account). TikTok has different rules for different ages:

Users under age 13 can’t post videos or comment, and content is curated for a younger audience. For kids age 13 to 15, accounts are private by default. Only friends can comment on videos, and other users can’t duet (explained below) with your videos. Only users age 16 and over can livestream and use direct messaging, and only users over 18 can buy, send, or receive virtual gifts. In March 2023, TikTok announced a time limit of 60 minutes/day on users under 18, requiring a password to be entered for further access to the platform.

TikTok also offers some tools for parents and caregivers to further limit how much time kids spend on the app and what kids can see. Parents and caregivers can also use Restricted Mode to reduce mature content, or Family Safety Mode to pair their account with their kid’s account to control settings completely.

Is TikTok safe tracking?

Privacy concerns and the TikTok tracking report accusing ByteDance of attempted surveillance – In October 2022, Forbes released a concerning Tiktok tracking report where the company was accused of planning to use the app to monitor the physical location of specific American citizens.

• According to the outlet, the ByteDance Internal Audit and Risk Control department, which usually investigates potential misconduct by current and former employees, had actually planned to collect data for someone who had no relationship with the company.
• But the material reviewed by Forbes indicates that ByteDance’s Internal Audit team was planning to use this location information to surveil individual American citizens, not to target ads or any of these other purposes.

Forbes is not disclosing the nature and purpose of the planned surveillance referenced in the materials in order to protect sources. TikTok and ByteDance did not answer questions about whether Internal Audit has specifically targeted any members of the U.S.

government, activists, public figures or journalists,” said this TikTok tracking report. ByteDance quickly denied the story, saying that it does not collect “precise” GPS data to track users and the app has never been used to target “members of the US government, activists, public figures or journalists”.2/ Specifically, Forbes chose not to include the portion of our statement that disproved the feasibility of its core allegation: TikTok does not collect precise GPS location information from US users, meaning TikTok could not monitor US users in the way the article suggested.

— TikTokComms (@TikTokComms) October 20, 2022 Earlier, news outlet TheWrap obtained two studies that say TikTok and its parent company, Beijing-based ByteDance, have full access to your data. The studies were made by white hat security experts, aka people who hack in order to test security boundaries and alert the public to threats.

1. According to the outlet, their findings were verified with five independent experts.
2. And those reports check out with other sources as well.
3. Marketing company URL Genius found that TikTok and YouTube collect more user personal data than any other social media app.
4. However, unlike YouTube, which collects your data for Google, TikTok allows third-party trackers on its platform – so that means that there’s no telling where your Tiktok data goes.

Those third-party trackers can also track your activity even after you close Tiktok. TikTok’s Algorithm Revealed And It’s Exactly What You’d Expect Last year, a Reddit user called “bangorlol” claimed to have reverse engineered Tiktok and called it “a data collection service that is thinly-veiled as a social network”.

What are the 4 levels of trust?

Why Trust Matters – One of the most important Vital Signs of a healthy climate is TRUST. When your people trust you, they dig deeper, listen better, and forgive more readily. When trust is low, there is more resistance, more fear, and communication doesn’t work as well (because people don’t believe each other).

Trust is measurable, and at the center of leadership, team, and organizational performance. In the last trust post, I talked about paying attention to trust as a two-way street, and using your feelings of distrust as a “barometer” to measure how others trust you. If you practiced the “trust test” you probably found some people and situations where your trust level is not high.

Do you believe those people have less trust in you too?

What are the 4 core of trust?

The components of trust – According to Covey, trust is essentially credibility. People will trust you if they find you credible. To build credibility with others, you must develop the four cores of trust.

IntegrityIntentCapabilitiesResults

The first two cores of credibility, Integrity and Intent, have to do with character. The second two cores of credibility, Capabilities and Results, have to do with competence. All four cores are incredibly important to build trust.

What is the importance of team building and trust?

Tips for Team Building – Team building can encourage communication and deepen trust through collaboration and the promotion of a positive work environment. Management is responsible for building trust and finding associates who want to participate as a successful team (Russell 2013).

What is the trust and safety policy in Upwork?

The T&S team is here to uphold that trust —and keep you safe. We do that by establishing rules about what’s allowed, and then identifying and dealing with anything (or anyone) that could damage trust in Upwork, whether the target is you, other users or the Upwork platform itself.

Jack Gloop