What Financial Arguments To Improve Health And Safety
Health, Safety and Environment Supervisor at Lotte Kolson Pvt Ltd – Published May 6, 2023 1-Equipment Damage: Equipments are highly expensive and managing safety at workplace can prevent equipment damage.2-Medical Costs: Cost paid for medical treatment of victims can be saved.3-Staff Turnover: Staff turnover will high which is very costly, as hiring of new workers and training them will take too much cost.4-Sick Leaves: Injured worker will be on sick leave and take weeks to recover, so this medical leaves cost will be paid by the organization.5-Worker Compensation: injured worker is seeking legal advice to seek medical compensation that need to be paid by the organisation to injured employee 6-Action by enforcement authority: Authority can make fines or penalties.7-Loss of Contracts: Accidents happening can cause loss of contracts and effect organization indirectly.

This invisible cost can be prevented by managing safety at the workplace.8-Loss of Reputation: Loss of reputation is one of the most affective indirect cost which cannot be beard at any spot and is due to accidents, which can be saved by complying with safety rules and reguations.9-Workers Morale: Workers morale will fall ultimately, and they cannot work passionately which can effect the organization financially.10-Cost of Workers Strike: Workers will do strikes due to non serious behavior and will affect the organization.11-Accidents Investigation Cost: Cost will be paid for the investigation of accidents which only can be prevented by following HSE.12-Lost Time Cost: Due to poor culture (congested area, no good working conditions) time will be lost.13-More Productivity: Good workplace can increase productivity which will make cost friendly environment.14-Prevention of Property Damage: As a result of accidents property will also be damaged and very high cost will be paid for it.

Following are also some financial reasons for managing safety at workplace. Reduce cost associated with accidents, Reputation management, Improved employee Retention, reduce workers absenteeism, Lower insurance premiums, Repairs to plant and equipment, production delays, overtime working and temporary labor #hse #safety #abdulrehmanjutthse #rehmanbabahse #nebosh #iosh NEBOSH IOSH Health and Safety #healthandsafety #health #environment

What financial arguments could you use to justify?

Answer: Explanation: Here are some financial arguments that could be used to justify the recommendation of segregating flights and workers in warehouses: Reduced Product Damage: By segregating the flights and workers, there is less chance of collision, which can lead to less product damage and lower replacement costs.

  • This can translate to direct cost savings for the company.
  • Improved Efficiency: Separating the flights and workers can improve the efficiency of the warehouse operations.
  • When workers do not have to navigate around flights, it reduces the time needed to complete their tasks.
  • This can lead to increased productivity and cost savings for the company.

Enhanced Safety: By separating the flights and workers, there is a reduced risk of accidents and injuries in the warehouse. This can help to reduce workers’ compensation claims and insurance premiums, resulting in cost savings for the company. Improved Inventory Accuracy: When the workers are not working in close proximity to flights, it can reduce the chance of inventory discrepancies.

  • This can lead to cost savings by reducing the need for additional inventory checks and audits.
  • Reduced Downtime: By segregating the flights and workers, it can reduce the need for downtime due to collisions or accidents.
  • This can help to keep the warehouse running smoothly, reducing the potential for lost productivity and revenue.

Overall, by segregating the flights and workers, it can result in cost savings for the company through improved efficiency, enhanced safety, reduced product damage, improved inventory accuracy, and reduced downtime.

What is the moral argument for health and safety?

Contravention of moral responsibilities by the employer: – Examples of contraventions:

Humanitarian ground not followed. Not taken reasonable care to eliminate or reduce the pain & suffering of the workers. Not Taken reasonable care by providing the safe place to work. Not taken reasonable care by providing the Safe Equipment and Machinery.Not taken reasonable care by providing the Safe working Environment/ConditionsNot taken reasonable care by ensuring the Safety of their Worker/employees.Not taken reasonable care by developing Safe working conditions.Not ensured Right way to do the things rightly. Not followed the Right attitude and Positive approach towards H&S.Not ensured Zero Lost time accidents for workers.Not ensured the safe preparation of the plant for contractors/Workers.Not ensured Risk free area.Not provided adequate PPEs free of cost,Not followed Duty of Care (Concern for others) Not implemented the Control measures like Engineering Control, Administrative Controls etc. for Risky activities. Not followed the Deep sense of commitment Not taken reasonable care by providing the Safe system of work, Not taken reasonable care by Safe Working Procedures,Not taken reasonable care by ensuring the PTW system for workers and contractors.Not Taken reasonable care by providing freedom to workers to raise the Safety Concerns/complaints/Issues. Not taken reasonable care by Following Legal Compliances/requirements by the employer (Following HSW Act 1974, MHSWR1999, ILO, RIDDOR etc.).Not taken reasonable care by fulfilling OH&S commitments and OH&S Promise-keeping.Not taken reasonable care by dissemination of OH&S information to all workers ( e.g. Informing/instruction the H&S information to workers by displaying on Notice boards, signages, through training etc.).Not provided Moral awareness through OH&S Training to its workers ( like induction training, Job specific Training, Refresher Training etc.).Not taken reasonable care by fulfilling their Responsibility & accountability towards OH&S.Not Taken reasonable care by Applying collective OH&S control measures for all workers.Not taken reasonable care by ensuring the emergency arrangements. Not Taken reasonable care by developing the Safety Protocols for specific processes and implement the OH&S Rules and regulations, Not Developed, Implemented, Maintained and Reviewed the OH&S Policy.Not set the OH&S Objectives, Targets, Aims and Goals.Not developed, implemented, maintained and reviewed OH&SMS like ISO-45001.

What are the likely benefits to the Organisation of having this formal safety management system?

Conclusion – A formal health and safety management system provides numerous benefits to organizations. These benefits include improved safety, reduced workplace incidents, improved employee morale, enhanced brand reputation, improved competitive advantage, and improved risk management.

What are human factors in health and safety?

Reducing error and influencing behaviour (HSG48) is the key document in understanding HSE’s approach to human factors. It gives a simple introduction to generic industry guidance on human factors, which it defines as: “Human factors refer to environmental, organisational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics, which influence behaviour at work in a way which can affect health and safety” This definition includes three interrelated aspects that must be considered: the job, the individual and the organisation:

The job: including areas such as the nature of the task, workload, the working environment, the design of displays and controls, and the role of procedures. Tasks should be designed in accordance with ergonomic principles to take account of both human limitations and strengths. This includes matching the job to the physical and the mental strengths and limitations of people. Mental aspects would include perceptual, attentional and decision making requirements. The individual: including his/her competence, skills, personality, attitude, and risk perception. Individual characteristics influence behaviour in complex ways. Some characteristics such as personality are fixed; others such as skills and attitudes may be changed or enhanced. The organisation: including work patterns, the culture of the workplace, resources, communications, leadership and so on. Such factors are often overlooked during the design of jobs but have a significant influence on individual and group behaviour.

In other words, human factors is concerned with what people are being asked to do (the task and its characteristics), who is doing it (the individual and their competence) and where they are working (the organisation and its attributes), all of which are influenced by the wider societal concern, both local and national.

What is financial justification in business case?

What are the Factors that Contribute to a Winning Business Case In today’s competitive business landscape, constructing a persuasive business case can decide between achieving success and failing. A business case outlines why an organization should take action and invest in a specific project.A successful business case should provide a comprehensive explanation proposed project’s Why, What and How of the proposed project or ivestment, including financial, strategic and operational data and analysis to support its potential value to stakeholders.

However, building a convincing business case doesn’t have to be complicated. Developing a successful business case involves following the same principles regardless of the type of business opportunity.This article will provide insight into what components make up a winning business case, the significance of a concise yet compelling presentation, and the various ways to gauge the potential impact of the proposed project or investment.

It will also cover the step-by-step process of building a compelling business case from start to finish. Thus, equipping you with a comprehensive overview of how to craft a successful business case with confidence.To make your business case successful and reach its desired objectives, here are ten key considerations when developing it.

  1. Establishing clearly defined and measurable objectives : The business case should effectively outline the goals and objectives of the project, which must be quantifiable.
  2. When goals are not clear or quantifiable, it can be difficult to determine if progress is being achieved and to measure whether a business initiative has been successful.
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When establishing goals, it’s essential to be practical and ensure that objectives are attainable. For better results, all goals should abide by the SMART criteria—specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely—allowing individuals to track progress, stay motivated and analyze the success of the business case.

  1. Robust financial justification: The business case should provide a robust financial rationale for the project, including a detailed cost-benefit analysis and a clear return on investment (ROI).
  2. To be successful, you must provide a solid rationale for why your proposed project is worth the investment.

Realistic timeline and budget: The timeline and budget for the project should be realistic and achievable, with contingencies in place for potential challenges. Clear alignment with the company’s strategy: The business case should demonstrate how the project aligns with the company’s strategic goals.

By creating a solid link between the business case and the company’s overall strategy, it will be easier for decision-makers to understand the importance of the proposal and how it will help the company reach its strategic objectives. In addition, it will help ensure that the proposed project is consistent with the company’s long-term goals and objectives.

Strong supporting data and research: The business case should be supported by relevant data and research, including market analysis, customer feedback, and industry trends. A well-defined implementation plan: The business case should include a well-defined implementation plan, clear roles and responsibilities and a detailed project schedule.

Strong sponsorship and support: The business case should have strong sponsorship and support from key stakeholders, including senior management and the board, to ensure that the project has the necessary resources and support to succeed. Without the backing of the leader, team it can be difficult to secure resources, funding, and buy-in from across the organization.

Effective communication: The business case should be presented clearly and concisely, communicating the key points and benefits of the project. To ensure success, the business case should be presented to the right people at the right time. Therefore, the business case should be crafted so that it is clear, concise, and compelling and highlights the value of the proposed project.

  1. It should also include a strategy for implementing, monitoring, and measuring the proposed solution to ensure its success.
  2. Risk mitigation: The business case should include a plan to mitigate any risks associated with the project and contingencies to handle any potential issues.
  3. Your financial justification should also include the risk analysis, potential costs that could arise from any risks, and the benefits of mitigating those risks.

Continuous monitoring and evaluation: The business case should include a plan for continuous monitoring and evaluation of the project’s progress and outcome to ensure that it stays on track and meets its goals. This is also known as business benefits realization.

  1. In conclusion, a winning business case is one that is well-structured and thoughtfully presented.
  2. It should take into consideration the organization’s goals, resources, and challenges.
  3. It should also include an analysis of the potential risks and costs versus the potential rewards and benefits.
  4. Organizations should have a comprehensive understanding of the factors that can contribute to a winning business case before they put it into action.

If you want help putting together your own Business Case, Chase Consulting can help; reach out to our team to get started today. : What are the Factors that Contribute to a Winning Business Case

What are the negative indicators of safety culture?

25 Negative Indicators Of Health And Safety Culture –

  1. A high employee absenteeism, sickness, and health rate. When a company’s overall health and safety culture is poor, it may result in higher sickness rates at work. This happens because workers don’t feel safe at work, which makes them less productive or even skip work all together.
  2. The impression of a culture of blame. A blame culture is frequently viewed as a negative indicator of a workplace culture that prioritizes health and safety. This is because employees are less likely to report errors if they fear being held accountable. As a result of this, potential dangers might go unnoticed and unchecked, which could result in mishaps and injuries.
  3. A high rate of employee turnover that slows down efforts to improve health and safety. Staff turnover that is high is one of the most common indicators. This could be because employees are uncomfortable or feel unsafe at work, or it could simply be because safety measures are not being implemented quickly enough. A negative health and safety culture can also be seen in the lack of efforts in improving safety and health.
  4. There were no budget, personnel, or facility resources made available for efficient safety and health management ;
  5. Failure to adhere to the organization’s safety policies and procedures as well as the relevant health and safety laws;
  6. Poor contractor management and selection procedures;
  7. A lack of cooperation, control, and communication;
  8. A weak structure for health and safety management;
  9. A lack of or inadequate level of competence in health and safety;
  10. Expensive insurance rates. A poor health and safety culture in the workplace is frequently reflected in high insurance rates. This is because insurance companies typically charge higher fees to cover costs associated with frequent accidents and injuries. Employees are also more likely to get sick or hurt when there is a bad health and safety culture, which also raises insurance costs.
  11. Majority of workers acting recklessly because they do not know better and believe that health and safety are of little importance.
  12. Lack of health and safety education.
  13. Senior management does not provide clear leadership or direction.
  14. Workers who are concerned about safety are in the minority and may leave because they dislike the culture of the company and feel unsafe at work.
  15. A high rate of accidents and incidents can also indicate a problem with the health and safety culture. Employees may be less likely to report problems in an environment where accidents and incidents are not being handled effectively.
  16. Lack of safety implementation. Employees may become discouraged and start looking for alternative employment if they observe that their suggestions for improvements are not being implemented or are not implemented on time. When employees frequently voice their concerns about health and safety, making complaints often this could be because they have the impression that their concerns are not being taken seriously especially when their suggestions for improvements are not being put into action.
  17. Lack of Resources. The absence of resources for efficient health and safety management is another sign of a negative health and safety culture. This could be as a result of inadequate facilities, insufficient staff, or a lack of funds.
  18. Employees’ high levels of stress and anxiety—as well as their low morale—are another negative indicator. Long working hours, strenuous work environments, or a general sense of insecurity can all contribute to this. The low level of employee motivation and morale is another indicator. This might be because the employees feel like they aren’t valued enough or appreciated enough.
  19. Negative safety culture is characterized by noncompliance with relevant health and safety legislation. Also indicative of a poor health and safety culture is the organization’s failure to follow safety rules and procedures.
  20. Ordinary Procedural Infringement. One of the most significant indicators is reckless infringement of safety techniques. It is clear that the company’s culture is not focused on safeguarding workers’ well-being if employees consistently disregard safety regulations or protocol.
  21. Management of Contractors. Inadequate screening and management of contractors can be a major sign of a poor health and safety culture at work. This is due to the fact that these contractors may not have the necessary qualifications and safety training, and they may also be more likely to disregard safety procedures. As a result, they may threaten the health and safety of workers at the workplace as well as other contractors.
  22. Poor safety procedures are another negative indicator health and safety culture at work. Poor lighting, inadequate emergency exits, and inadequate safety gear are all examples of this. When these things aren’t up to standard, it can make the workplace more dangerous for everyone.
  23. Poor communication, cooperation, and control. The way employees interact with one another and with management shows this. There may be a general mistrust between employees and management or a lack of communication between various departments. Misunderstandings of safety procedures can result from inadequate communication, which in turn can result in accidents.
  24. Lack of training is another important indicator. It indicates a lack of commitment to employee safety if an organization does not provide adequate health and safety training to its employees. Because of this, employees may not be aware of the risks associated with their jobs, which may eventually result in injuries and accidents.
  25. Lack of Accident Investigation, An essential part of maintaining a safe workplace is investigating accidents and near-misses. But if an organization doesn’t look into these incidents, it shows that it doesn’t care about employee safety. Employees may have the impression that the organization does not place a high priority on their safety, which may further exacerbate a poor health and safety culture.
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If any of these signs are present in a workplace, it is likely that the health and safety culture has serious issues. A comprehensive review of the health and safety policy and procedures is essential in order to address these issues. This will assist in determining any areas that require improvement and implementing measures to address them.

What are ethical issues health and safety?

Key ethical issues include confidentiality of medical records; inappropriate discrimination against minorities, women, and disabled or hypersusceptible employees; and ‘blaming the victim’ vs. reducing exposures.

What are some examples of moral arguments?

Types of Normative Claims: (V) Moral Claims

Let’s consider the last example we gave of a normative claim: “The State should not have the right to take the life of one of its citizens as punishment for a crime.” The statement is asserting that capital punishment is not morally justifiable.

The “should” here is a MORAL “should”. The assertion is that the state does not have the RIGHT to take the life of a citizen, with the implication that to do so would be unjust or immoral in some way. Let’s look at some other examples of moral claims:

“You shouldn’t lie to someone just to get out of an uncomfortable situation.” “It’s wrong to afflict unnecessary pain and suffering on animals.” “Julie is a kind and generous person.” “Abortion is morally permissible if done within the first trimester.” “Abortion is never morally permissible.” “Police offers have a duty to uphold the law.” “John has been dishonest about his work record.” “The intentional use of violence against civilian populations is never morally justifiable.” “Waterboarding is a barbaric way of extracting information from people.” “Thou shalt not commit adultery.” “My bike was stolen outside the grocery store.”

All of these assert that something is right or wrong, good or bad, in a distinctively moral sense. They all make moral value judgments of some kind. Sometimes the claim is about the rightness or wrongness of an act (lying, adultery, waterboarding, etc.).

  • Sometimes the claim is about a person’s character (“kind”, “generous”, “dishonest”).
  • This is an important distinction that we’ll follow up on later.
  • Sometimes we use language that implies a moral judgment, rather that stating explicitly that X or Y is morally right or wrong.
  • To say that waterboarding is “barbaric” is to imply that it’s morally problematic.

To say that my bike was “stolen” is to imply that it was taken wrongfully, unjustly. These are the sorts of claims that we’re concerned with in this course. Moral arguments are arguments that provide reasons to accept or believe claims like these. : Types of Normative Claims: (V) Moral Claims

What is a good moral argument?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The argument from morality is an argument for the existence of God, Arguments from morality tend to be based on moral normativity or moral order. Arguments from moral normativity observe some aspect of morality and argue that God is the best or only explanation for this, concluding that God must exist.

  • Arguments from moral order are based on the asserted need for moral order to exist in the universe.
  • They claim that, for this moral order to exist, God must exist to support it.
  • The argument from morality is noteworthy in that one cannot evaluate the soundness of the argument without attending to almost every important philosophical issue in meta-ethics,

German philosopher Immanuel Kant devised an argument from morality based on practical reason, Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue (the summum bonum ) and believed that an afterlife must be assumed to exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must be assumed to exist to provide this.

Rather than aiming to prove the existence of God, however, Kant was simply attempting to demonstrate that all moral thought requires the assumption that God exists, and therefore that we are entitled to make such an assumption only as a regulative principle rather than a constitutive principle (meaning that such a principle can guide our actions, but it does not provide knowledge).

In his book Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis argued that “conscience reveals to us a moral law whose source cannot be found in the natural world, thus pointing to a supernatural Lawgiver.” Lewis argued that accepting the validity of human reason as a given must include accepting the validity of practical reason, which could not be valid without reference to a higher cosmic moral order which could not exist without a God to create and/or establish it.

  1. A related argument is from conscience; John Henry Newman argued that the conscience supports the claim that objective moral truths exist because it drives people to act morally even when it is not in their own interest.
  2. Newman argued that, because the conscience suggests the existence of objective moral truths, God must exist to give authority to these truths.

Contemporary defenders of the argument from morality are Graham Ward, Alister McGrath and William Lane Craig,

What is the 3 benefits for implementing an occupational health & safety management system?

Conclusion – As a business or organization, these ten amazing benefits of adopting an OHS management system should be irresistible. Focusing on employee health and safety can have major ramifications for your business and can impact everything from your profits, to your costs and even your public image.

What are the weaknesses of a safety management system?

Final Thoughts – If you’re going to take one tip from this article, it should be this: most safety reporting systems only engage and involve 10-20% of the workforce. In the worst-case scenario, the reports you are taking to your management are telling a distorted view of reality.

Share information, enable feedback loops and create more open channels that allow employees to be comfortable with sharing what they see, feel, know and hear. If you’re looking for an incident reporting platform that is hyper-easy to use, ticks all the boxes for anonymity, and two-way communication, has built-in workflows for multiple use cases and more, test drive our incident reporting platform or for more information!

We are building the world’s first operational involvement platform. Our mission is to make the process of finding, sharing, fixing and learning from issues and observations as easy as thinking about them and as rewarding as being remembered for them.‍ By doing this, we are making work more meaningful for all parties involved.

How safety can improve productivity?

How Good Workplace Safety And An Efficient Workflow Can Increase Productivity – One of the best ways that employers can increase productivity is by creating a safe work environment, Research shows that employees who feel their workplace is safe are more likely to perform better than those who feel unsafe.

What are the 4 individual factors affecting health?

Frequently Asked Questions Health equity can be defined in several ways. One commonly used definition of health equity is when all people have “the opportunity to ‘attain their full health potential’ and no one is ‘disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially determined circumstance'”.1 The U.S.

  • Department of Health and Human Services defines health equity as attainment of the highest level of health for all people.
  • Achieving health equity requires valuing everyone equally with focused and ongoing societal efforts to address avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and healthcare disparities.2 Achieving health equity, eliminating disparities, and improving the health of all groups is an overarching goal for Healthy People 2020 and a top priority for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).3 Health is influenced by many factors, which may generally be organized into five broad categories known as determinants of health: genetics, behavior, environmental and physical influences, medical care and social factors.
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These five categories are interconnected. The fifth category (social determinants of health) encompasses economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities.4 These conditions are shaped by socioeconomic position, which is the amount of money, power, and resources that people have, all of which are influenced by socioeconomic and political factors (e.g., policies, culture, and societal values).5,6 An individual’s socioeconomic position can be shaped by various factors such as their education, occupation, or income.

  • How a person develops during the first few years of life (early childhood development)
  • How much education a person obtains and the quality of that education
  • Being able to get and keep a job
  • What kind of work a person does
  • Having food or being able to get food (food security)
  • Having access to health services and the quality of those services
  • Living conditions such as housing status, public safety, clean water and pollution
  • How much money a person earns (individual income and household income)
  • Social norms and attitudes (discrimination, racism and distrust of government)
  • Residential segregation (physical separation of races/ethnicities into different neighborhoods)
  • Social support
  • Language and literacy
  • Incarceration
  • Culture (general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people)
  • Access to mass media and emerging technologies (cell phones, internet, and social media)

All of these factors are influenced by social circumstances. Of course, many of the factors in this list are also influenced by the other four determinants of health. Addressing social determinants of health is a primary approach to achieving health equity.

Health equity is “when everyone has the opportunity to ‘attain their full health potential’ and no one is ‘disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially determined circumstance'”.7 Health equity has also been defined as “the absence of systematic disparities in health between and within social groups that have different levels of underlying social advantages or disadvantages—that is, different positions in a social hierarchy”.8 Social determinants of health such as poverty, unequal access to health care, lack of education, stigma, and racism are underlying, contributing factors of health inequities.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is committed to achieving improvements in people’s lives by reducing health inequities. Health organizations, institutions, and education programs are encouraged to look beyond behavioral factors and address underlying factors related to social determinants of health.

A growing body of research highlights the importance of upstream factors that influence health and the need for policy interventions to address those factors—in addition to clinical approaches and interventions aimed at modifying behavior.9 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is committed to achieving improvements in people’s lives by reducing health inequities.

Health organizations, institutions, and education programs are encouraged to look beyond behavioral factors and address underlying factors related to social determinants of health. The created the to address social determinants of health.4 The Commission uses the following three principles to guide its work in eliminating health inequities for local communities and nations and throughout the world: Figure 1. World Health Organization’s Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework 4

  • Improve the conditions of daily life—the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.
  • Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources—the structural drivers of those conditions of daily life—globally, nationally, and locally.
  • Measure the problem, evaluate action, expand the knowledge base, develop a workforce that is trained in the social determinants of health, and raise public awareness about the social determinants of health.4

The commission created the conceptual framework below that describes relationships among individual and structural variables. The framework represents relationships among variables that are based on scientific studies or substantial evidence. The framework provides a point from which researchers can take action, such as creating targeted interventions, on social determinants of health.

  • More information is available from a variety of sources, including the following publications and web sites.
  • Websites
  • Publications
  • . Editors Erik Blas and Anand Sivasankara Kurup.2010, World Health Organization: Geneva.
  • Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH),,2008, World Health Organization: Geneva.
  • Hillemeier, M., Lynch, J., Harper, S., Casper, M.,,2004, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Atlanta.
  • Brennan Ramirez LK, Baker EA, Metzler M., Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008.
  • Hofrichter, R., Bhatia, R. (Eds.) Tackling Health Inequities through Public Health Practice: Theory to Action.2010, Oxford University Press.
  • Raphael, D., ed. Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives,2004, Canadian Scholars’ Press Toronto.
  • Marmot, M.G. and R.G. Wilkinson, Social determinants of health,2nd ed.2006, Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. x, 366 p.

You can e-mail the Office of Health Equity at,

  1. Braveman, P.A., Monitoring equity in health and healthcare: a conceptual framework, Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2003.21(3): p.181.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,,2018.
  3. CDC, ; ODPHP,,
  4. Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health,2008, World Health Organization: Geneva.
  5. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services., Social Determinants of Health.
  6. Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Discussion Paper for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health DRAFT.2007, World Health Organization: Geneva.
  7. Brennan Ramirez LK, B.E., Metzler M., Promoting Health Equity: A Resource to Help Communities Address Social Determinants of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Editor.2008, Department of Health and Human Services: Atlanta, GA.
  8. Braveman, P. and S. Gruskin, Defining equity in health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003.57(4): p.254-258.
  9. Health Policy Brief: “The Relative Contribution of Multiple Determinants to Health Outcomes,” Health Affairs, August 21, 2014.
  • : Frequently Asked Questions

    What are examples of financial consideration?

    Examples of Financial consideration in a sentence Financial consideration include royalties on future annual net sales. Financial consideration for this investment included, the capital construction cost, the City’s annual revenue, operating costs (both cash and non-cash) and a maximum payback period.

    What is the key financial statement for companies?

    When the stock market boomed in the 1920s, investors essentially had to fly blind in deciding which companies were sound investments because, at the time, most businesses had no legal obligation to reveal their finances. After the 1929 market crash, the government enacted legislation to help prevent a repeat disaster.

    To this day these reforms require publicly traded companies to regularly disclose certain details about their operations and financial position. The income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows are required financial statements. These three statements are informative tools that traders can use to analyze a company’s financial strength and provide a quick picture of a company’s financial health and underlying value.

    This article will provide a quick overview of the information that you can glean from these important financial statements without requiring you to be an accounting expert.

    How important is the financial statement in making a business decision?

    Run your business better – Financial statements can also help you govern your company better. Having a thorough knowledge of the flows of income and expenses can help you optimize your day-to-day operations. Financial statements help you to seek out viable growth opportunities.

    • Financial statements help you keep track of your business, and also provide a snapshot of your financial health.
    • Give investors and lenders more power in their decision-making by providing data through a variety of statements, like a balance sheet and an income statement.
    • To help you generate and keep thorough, accurate financial statements, you should seek the help of a certified public accountant.

    Speak to about how keep better financial statements. : How financial statements can be helpful in decision making

    What are the 5 factors influencing effectiveness of safety indicators?

    Five safety standard factors influence safety program performance: (1) resources, (2) personal behavior, (3) relationships, (4) management, and (5) incentives (Ismail et al., 2012).

    Which three elements will your manager consider when carrying out a risk assessment for your work?

    Identify what could cause injury or illness in your business (hazards) decide how likely it is that someone could be harmed and how seriously (the risk) take action to eliminate the hazard, or if this isn’t possible, control the risk.

    What circumstances should have prompted a review of the risk assessment?

    Companies should review their risk assessments and risk management practices once every 3 years, or:

    Whenever there to any significant changes to workplace processes or design.Whenever new machinery, substances or procedures are introduced.Whenever there is an injury or incident as a result of hazard exposure.

    You should also review your company’s risk assessment at any time if you feel it is inadequate.

    Why is it important to secure the scene of this near miss?

    3. To Prevent Further Accidents – Securing the scene of an accident is vital in preventing subsequent accidents that could be triggered by the initial incident. For instance, spillage or debris from the accident poses a risk to others who may slip, trip, or come into contact with hazardous materials.