Leading indicators can play a vital role in preventing worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses and strengthening other safety and health outcomes in the workplace. Leading indicators are proactive and preventive measures that can shed light about the effectiveness of safety and health activities and reveal potential problems in a safety and health program.
Many employers are familiar with lagging indicators. Lagging indicators measure the occurrence and frequency of events that occurred in the past, such as the number or rate of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. While lagging indicators can alert you to a failure in an area of your safety and health program or to the existence of a hazard, leading indicators are important because they can tell you whether your safety and health activities are effective at preventing incidents.
A good safety and health program uses leading indicators to drive change and lagging indicators to measure effectiveness. Leading indicators are a valuable tool regardless of whether you have a safety or health program, what you have included in your program, or what stage you may be at in your program.
Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. Reduce costs associated with incidents. Improve productivity and overall organizational performance. Optimize safety and health performance. Raise worker participation.
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What are examples of safety lagging indicators?
Lagging Safety Indicators – Lagging safety indicators are reports of incidents that have occurred in the past. They might include statistics on workplace accidents, near misses, the total work time lost to workplace injuries, or recordable incident rates. Lagging indicators offer insight into what has already happened to help businesses make occupational safety adjustments going forward.
What is a lagging indicator?
Key Takeaways –
A lagging indicator is an observable or measurable factor that changes sometime after the economic, financial, or business variable with which it is correlated changes.Some general examples of lagging economic indicators include the unemployment rate, corporate profits, and labor cost per unit of output.A lagging technical indicator is one that trails the price action of an underlying asset, and traders use it to generate transaction signals or confirm the strength of a given trend. In business, a lagging indicator is a key performance indicator that reflects some measure of output or past performance that can be seen in operational data or financial statements and reflects the impact of management decisions or business strategy.Lagging indicators differ from leading indicators, such as retail sales and the stock market, which are used to forecast and make predictions.
What are lead and lag indicators in HSE?
Best practices for using leading indicators – Companies dedicated to safety excellence are shifting their focus to using leading indicators to drive continuous improvement. Lagging indicators measure failure; leading indicators measure performance, and that’s what we’re after! According to workplace safety thought leader Aubrey Daniels, leading indicators should:
- Allow you to see small improvements in performance
- Measure the positive: what people are doing versus failing to do
- Enable frequent feedback to all stakeholders
- Be credible to performers
- Be predictive
- Increase constructive problem solving around safety
- Make it clear what needs to be done to get better
- Track Impact versus Intention
While there is no perfect or “one size fits all” measure for safety, following these criteria will help you track impactful leading indicators.
What are leading and lagging indicators?
What are leading or lagging indicators? – Leading indicators look ahead and attempt to predict future outcomes, whereas lagging indicators look at the past. Some people fixate on leading indicators, arguing that what happened in the past is useless. However, that’s not true.
Is a KPI a lagging indicator?
Lagging KPIs: A Window into the Past – Lagging KPIs measure what has already happened, such as sales numbers and costs. These indicators provide valuable insight into your progress towards your goals and objectives. But what about the future?
What is a lagging indicator and examples?
Lead and Lag Indicators Leading and lagging indicators are two types of measurements used when assessing performance in a business or organisation. A leading indicator is a predictive measurement, for example; the percentage of people wearing hard hats on a building site is a leading safety indicator.
- A lagging indicator is an output measurement, for example; the number of accidents on a building site is a lagging safety indicator.
- The difference between the two is a leading indicator can influence change and a lagging indicator can only record what has happened.
- All too often we concentrate on measuring results, outputs and outcomes.
Why? Because they are easy to measure and they are accurate. If we want to know how many sales have been made this month, we simply count them. If we want to know how many accidents have occurred on the factory floor, we consult the accident log. These are lag indicators,
They are an after-the-event measurement, essential for charting progress but useless when attempting to influence the future. To influence the future, a different type of measurement is required, one that is predictive rather than a result. For example, if we want to increase sales, a predictive measure could be to make more sales calls or run more marketing campaigns.
If we wanted to decrease accidents on the factory floor we could make safety training mandatory for all employees or force them to wear hard-hats at all times. Measuring these activities provides us with a set of lead indicators, They are in-process measures and are predictive.
- Lead indicators are always more difficult to determine than lag indicators.
- They are predictive and therefore do not provide a guarantee of success.
- This not only makes it difficult to decide which lead indicators to use, it also tends to cause heated debate as to the validity of the measure at all.
- To fuel the debate further, lead indicators frequently require an investment to implement an initiative prior to a result being seen by a lag indicator.
What has become clear over years of research is that a combination of lead and lag indicators result in enhanced business performance overall. To provide a couple of specific examples; “satisfied and motivated employees” is a (well-proven) lead Indicator of “customer satisfaction”.
High-performing processes” (e.g. to 6 Sigma levels) is a good lead indicator for “cost efficiency”. When developing a business performance management strategy, it is always good practice to use a combination of lead and lag indicators. The reason for this is obvious; a lag indicator without a lead indicator will give no indication as to how a result will be achieved and provide no early warnings about tracking towards a strategic goal.
Equally important however, a lead indicator without a lag indicator may make you feel good about keeping busy with a lot of activities but it will not provide confirmation that a business result has been achieved. In much the same way a requires a ‘balance’ of measures across organisational disciplines, so a ‘balance’ of lead and lag indicators are required to ensure the right activities are in place to ensure the right outcomes.
What are lagging and non-lagging indicators?
Summary: –
Technical indicators help traders make profitable trades by presenting information about the trend, strength, volume, momentum, and other metrics. There are two types of technical indicators: “Lagging” and “non-lagging”. Non-lagging indicators are also known as “Leading” indicators. Lagging indicators provide data after a trend is confirmed, while non-lagging indicators provide data in real-time as the trend occurs. Most technical indicators are lagging indicators. This does not make them less effective, as they’re based on long-term data. The advantage of non-lagging indicators is that they’re faster, but the disadvantage is that they can provide false signals. A trader building a trade strategy can use a combination of lagging and non-lagging indicators to maximize their profit potential. The top five non-lagging indicators for beginners are the True Strength Index (TSI), Fisher Transform (FT), Pivot Points ( PP ), Stochastic RSI ( StochRSI ), and Williams Alligator (WA). Non-lagging and lagging indicators can be implemented on 200+ Phemex spot trading and futures trading
What is lagging vs non-lagging indicators?
Lagging indicators are more accurate,while non-lagging indicators are more suitable for intraday trading. Fundamental traders should use lagging indicators because they are more reliable for long-term investing and they measure value based on historical data DTA $0.00003074.
What is HSE key performance indicators?
Health And Safety KPIs Overview – Health and safety key performance indicators (KPIs) are measurable values that health and safety teams use to monitor and evaluate their progress toward strategic business objectives. These KPIs essentially act as a starting point for an effective health and safety performance review. KPIs for health and safety are not solely focused on tracking workplace accidents; the “health metrics” component is equally vital and applicable across various industries, whether in manufacturing or marketing. We’ve identified 18 KPIs that we consider to be the most effective for health and safety.
What are the leading indicators in HSE?
Nebosh approved EAW, HSW, IGC, PSM, IDIP Tutor, HSE Manager, BTech (Mech), Level-6 International Diploma in OHS, PGHSE, LA ISO 9001, LA 45001, LA 14001, MAeSI, MISTE, ISO31000 Certified Risk managment Professional – Published Mar 10, 2023 Leading indicators are proactive, preventative, and predictive measures to identify and eliminate risks and hazards in the workplace that can cause incidents and injuries.
Leading indicators are a form of active monitoring focused on a few critical risk control systems to ensure their continued effectiveness. Leading indicators require a routine systematic check that key actions or activities are undertaken as intended. They can be considered as measures of process or inputs essential to deliver the desired safety outcome. (HSG254)Leading indicators that are connected to specific OHS program goals introduce a real level of accountability for those goals. leading indicators also measure and monitor their relative importance of H&S within the organization.Leading indicators can work to complement the more traditional outcome-based measures of lagging indicators, and can be used to balance out some of their limitations.
Leading indicators can be broadly sorted into the following categories: Operations-based leading indicators: Metrics that reveal how well an organization’s infrastructure (e.g. machinery, operations) is functioning. For large organizations with multiple locations, these indicators can be site-specific.
Systems-based leading indicators: These indicators relate more to the management of an EHS system. Systems-based indicators can be rolled up from a facility level to a region/business unit or corporate level. Behavior-based leading indicators: Indicators that measure the safety behaviors or actions of individuals or groups in the workplace.
Behavior-based leading indicators can be reviewed at site-specific levels through management levels. Examples of Leading Indicators Examples include:
The percentage of managers & supervisor with OHS training, ( How many training completed)The percentage of workers with H&S training, BBSFrequency of H&S meetings, ( including safety committee meeting)Percentage of issues raised by H&S representatives actioned.Frequency of ergonomic assessments, andNumber of Risk/ hazard assessment carried out. ( Percentage of required Risk Assessment)Number of PTW’s submission and timely completed weekly.Number of Job Safety Analysis completed weekly.Number of Hazard Observation weeklyNumber of Near-miss reports weekly.Number of H&S Training carried out weekly.Number of First Aid Training carried out weekly.Hazards Alerts released and Follow up of the sameNumber of Man Hours Worked without Lost Time Accidents weekly. (Safe Man Hours)Number of H&S Inspections recorded/ carried out weekly.Number of Safety Audits ( Internally / Externally) Number of Safety Surveys carried out ( Employee perception of management commitment)Number of Safety Tours carried out quarterly.Reward/recognition, motivational programs Allocation of resources (PPEs, Safety Equipment), No. of Induction Training, TBTs (Tool Box Talks), No. of Consultation done Number of suggestions / Suggestion schemes implementation, No. of preventive maintenance programmes, No. of Health Surveillance etc.No. of Mock drillsPercentage of testing/caliberation of Safety Critical equipment (Like Lift, cranes) carried outHousekeeping Safety AuditNo of Worker involvement and Participation
Advantages of Leading Indicators
Measure the positive: what people are doing versus failing to do.Improve or influence constructive problem-solving.Allow for continuous improvement.Provide information that can be quickly acted upon.After all, being proactive, preventive and predictive is only beneficial if you’re setting achievable goals. Are actionable, predictive and relevant to objectives Identify hazards before an incident occurs (Allow preventative actions before the hazard manifests )Allow response to changing circumstances through Indicate that circumstances have changed require control (MOC)Measure the effectiveness of control systems Measures inputs and conditions Direct toward and influence a wanted outcome or awayGive indications of system conditions Measure what might go wrong and why Provide proactive monitoring of the desired state Are useful for internal tracking of a H&S performance
Leading Indicators Focus on compliance Organizations that are in the early stages of developing their OHS program, or whose OHS performance level requires improvement, can come up with a few key leading indicators to confirm compliance with legislated requirements.
Examples might be confirming whether hazard assessments are actually being completed and ensuring workers are involved in the process. Then employers can build upon their list of key leading indicators later by monitoring how many job tasks, risks and control measures were identified during formal hazard assessments (information), whether or not workers know the results of those assessments as legislation requires (possible solution), and addressing the hazards (corrective actions).
Leading Indicators Focus on improvement Organizations with more established OHS programs/stronger OHS performance levels (beyond basic compliance), might introduce leading indicators to grow and refine their existing programs for continued improvement.
- Examples could include asking what per cent of the workforce has OHS training beyond basic legislated compliance, how often health and safety is discussed at meetings, or how often management walks the floor.
- Leading Indicators Focus on continuous learning Organizations with a mature OHS culture/a consistently high level of OHS performance (low incident rates) can select leading indicators to drill down for deeper knowledge, drawing out information about their health and safety culture.
They might select leading indicators to track what per cent of their communication budget is dedicated to OHS, or how many different avenues the organization uses to communicate OHS messaging. Refer : www.hse.gov.uk In the construction industry, common leading indicators tracked by EHS managers are: 1.
Unsafe Act and unsafe condition analysis – potentially-disastrous situations that have been avoided, including the factors that caused them, follow-up and corrective actions.2. On-time preventive action – how much time it takes to address issues 3. Legal Compliance assurance – plans to mature to a highly interactive and engaging relationship with regulators 4.
Operational risk assessments – initiatives to reduce risks by proactively assessing procedures, PPE, ergonomic controls etc.5. Employee peer-to-peer observations – monthly safety P2P observations that help improve safety processes 6. Time spent on new hire safety orientation and training, including expectations and responsibilities, rules, hazard communication and performance evaluation and record-keeping.7.
Implementation of substance abuse programs including strict rules for drug and alcohol use, pre-hire testing and education program.8. Involvement in site safety committee meetings that help raise and correct safety concerns.9. Refresher trainings on job sites to improve new employees’ knowledge and performance.10.
Site-specific safety orientation, including site-specific policies and procedures, hazards and operations, company safety core values. Lagging Indicators (What is a lagging indicator?) Lagging indicators measure a company’s H&S performance by tracking accident statistics.
Lagging indicators are a form of reactive monitoring requiring the reporting and investigation of specific incidents and events to discover weaknesses in that system. These incidents or events do not have to result in major damage or injury or even a loss of containment, providing that they represent a failure of a significant control system which guards against or limits the consequences of a major incident. Lagging indicators show when a desired safety outcome has failed, or has not been achieved.
Example: The number of trips and falls is a lagging indicator.
Lagging indicators for H&S Performance Monitoring Lagging Indicators examples include:
Incidents rate (accident rate), near-miss rate, near-misses, work-related injuries, LTI, LTA;injury frequency and severity rate,Absenteeism// Absence-Rate,sickness rates, staff turnover rate level of compliance with H&S rules and procedures (not followed / complied)Enforcement Action complaints about working conditionsMedical Cost expenditureworkers’ compensation claimsCivil and Criminal ProceedingsImprovement Notice/ Prohibition NoticeDamage to propertyDeficient H&S performanceOSH management system failuresWorker’s rehabilitation and health-restoration programmesNumber of first aid treatment cases recorded weekly.Number of Near-Miss Reports recorded weekly.(after accident at same)Number of Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions recorded weekly.(after accident)Number of employee absenteeism from work weekly.Number of Safe systems of work failure recorded weekly.Number of fatalities incidents rate and near misses rate, Injury frequency and severity rateTotal lost work days / lost workdays (LTIs), /Restricted work days workers’ compensation costs / trendsSickness rate / illness rate Asset/property damage / Vehicle mishaps Chemical releases (based on the actual conditions at site)No. of Enforcement Notices
What are the importance of Lagging Indicator and what they do
Are retrospective, focusing on past behaviours and incidents Identify hazards after an incident occurs Require corrective actions to prevent another incident itself as an incident implementing control measure before an incident measures to be implemented after the incident Measures failure of control systems / Measure system failures (Measure what has gone wrong )
Measures outcomes (Measure the current outcome without influencing it from an unwanted outcome)Provide reactive monitoring of undesired effects Can be useful for external benchmarking Identify weaknesses through incidents Are easy to identify and measure, Evolve as organisational needs change Are static and measure past incidents Are challenging to identify and measure
The Pros and Cons of lagging indicators
The downside to using only lagging indicators of safety performance is that lagging indicators don’t tell you how well your company is doing at preventing incidents and accidents. Lagging indicators only report on what has already happened – that is, they ‘lag’ behind reality. For example, when an employer sees a low number of lost workdays they may believe that they do not have a safety issue. This false sense of security leads them to ignore the possibility that there are health and safety issues in the workplace that could contribute to a future increase in lost workdays.Lagging indicators show when a desired safety outcome has failed, or when a health and safety objective has not been achieved. The learning comes from recognizing a past mistake, and results in the implementation of reactive rather than proactive measures. Regardless, it is important to monitor lagging indicator data because evidence of increasing incidence of work injury and/or illness is a signal that improvements are needed in the workplace safety system. It’s worth noting however, that many workplaces have too few injuries to be able to distinguish real trends from random occurrences, and there is also the possibility that not all injuries are reported
Difference Between Leading & Lagging Indicators
What is a leading indicator example?
In another words, the leading indicator predicts the likelihood of achieving a goal, while the lagging indicator simply measures the goal. For example, the percentage of people wearing hard hats on a building site is a leading indicator of safety because it is a predictive measurement.
How do you find lagging indicators?
What Is A Leading And A Lagging Indicator? And Why You Need To Understand The Difference The terms “leading indicator” and “lagging indicator” have become standard terminology in performance measurement and management. But the distinction between the two can sometimes be a bit opaque – some indicators are a bit of both, for instance. The 30-second definition
- The best way to manage performance is to merge the insights from backward-looking indicators (your lagging indicators) with more forward-looking insights and predictions (your leading indicators).
- Therein lies the main difference between the two:
- A leading indicator looks forward at future outcomes and events.
- A lagging indicator looks back at whether the intended result was achieved.
Imagine your business is a car. Leading indicators look forwards, through the windshield, at the road ahead. Lagging indicators look backwards, through the rear window, at the road you’ve already travelled. A financial indicator like revenue, for example, is a lagging indicator, in that it tells you about what has already happened.
- Strictly speaking, last year’s revenue doesn’t predict future revenue (although it has been used to do just that by many businesses in the past).
- But an indicator like customer satisfaction does point to future revenue – because satisfied customers are more likely to repurchase and tell their friends about your company.
Customer satisfaction, therefore, is a leading indicator. Delving into leading indicators Leading indicators are about trying to predict the future. The term “leading indicator” originated in economics, where it’s defined as a measurable economic factor that changes before the economy starts to follow a particular pattern or trend.
The number of mortgage defaults, for example, can predict negative changes in the economy. In business, brand recognition, new product pipeline, growth in new markets or sales channels, are all examples of forward-looking indicators, pointing to trends that can predict future performance. Customer satisfaction can be an indicator for customer loyalty (and, in turn, future revenue), while employee satisfaction can be an indicator for staff retention (and, in turn, performance and productivity).
Leading indicators are important for building a broad understanding of performance because they provide information on likely future outcomes. But they aren’t perfect. For one thing, they aren’t always accurate. Many of us were perfectly satisfied with our old Nokia mobile phones, for example, but we still switched to Apple or Samsung when smart phones were released! Therefore, think of leading indicators as what might happen, not what definitely will happen.
- In addition, leading indicators are harder to identify than lagging indicators (which tend to be pretty standard across industries).
- Leading indicators are much more likely to be unique to your company, which makes them harder to build, measure and benchmark.
- Understanding lagging indicators Lagging indicators tell you about what has already happened, with common examples being revenue, profit and revenue growth.
They’re typically easy to identify, measure and compare against elsewhere in your industry, which makes lagging indicators very useful. However, the obvious downside of backward-looking indicators is they may provide insights too late to do anything about it.
- By the time you find out that half your customers have defected to the competition, it’s already too late to stop them.
- Even if it’s not too late, the lagging indicator is probably not telling you why this trend is happening and what you can do to stop it.
- Another downside is that lagging indicators encourage a focus on outputs (a number-based measure of what has happened), rather than outcomes (what we wanted to achieve).
One example of this will be familiar to anyone who regularly travels by train in the UK. As a lagging indicator, the train operator measures how many trains arrive at their final destination on time. To ensure it hits this indicator, the operator regularly amends the service, skipping smaller stations along the route to arrive at its final station on time.
This negatively impacts arguably more important measures like customer satisfaction. This focus on hitting lagging indicators (and how easy it can be to cheat the system to meet them), means lagging indicators are often prioritised over leading indicators – even when the leading indicators would be much more useful for understanding and improving performance.
Getting the most out of leading and lagging indicators The purpose of measuring performance through indicators is to really understand performance and identify ways to improve performance in future. To do this properly, you need both types of indicators.
- It’s also worth noting some indicators can be both leading and lagging.
- For example, being able to recruit the best talent could be considered a lagging indicator for HR (as in, has HR put the right systems and processes in place to recruit the right people?), yet it’s a leading indicator for the company as a whole, because it should translate into better business performance in the future.
That’s why, when I work with a client to define their strategy, we create what’s called a “”. This breaks down the company strategy into several key areas or “panels” – including a finance panel, a customer panel and a resources panel – and sets out the desired outcomes for each area.
- Where to go from here
- If you would like to know more about KPIs and measuring performance, check out my articles on:
- Or browse the to find the metrics that matter most to you.
: What Is A Leading And A Lagging Indicator? And Why You Need To Understand The Difference
What are lagging indicators Six Sigma?
Six Sigma Certifications – Starting Only $49 – Affordable Certifications, Free Books! 50% Off Until Early Next Week! While interpreting control charts we also talk of two indicators: Leading indicator: A leading indicator shows the trend before the defect occurs.
How many types of lagging indicators are there?
Key Takeaways Moving Averages, MACD, and Bollinger Bands are three types of lagging indicators. They cannot predict the future as the lagging indicators shift only upon major economic events.
Are jobs a lagging indicator?
Understanding Lagging and Leading Indicators They say that hindsight is 20/20. There’s also an old joke that economists have predicted nine of the last five recessions. These two sayings encapsulate, respectively, the concepts of “lagging” and “leading” indicators – the two key categories of data that economists and businesses use to make decisions.
A lagging indicator shows how the economy has performed in the past and gives concrete data about its current outcomes. A leading indicator predicts how the economy will perform in the future and is based on data about current outcomes. Here’s what you should know about these two key metrics. In many ways, whether a piece of data is a lagging or leading indicator depends on how an economist chooses to use it.
Data that is strongly associated with future outcomes can be used as a leading indicator to predict events, even while at the same time this data is the outcome of past events for which it is a lagging indicator. Lagging and leading indicators are common tools for as well.
- In fact, virtually any form of quantitative analysis and prediction will rely on this concept.
- However, for ease of use, in this article, we will refer to how this applies to economic research.
- Together economists use lagging and leading indicators to understand the state of the economy overall and to anticipate how it will move in the years to come.
Lagging indicators are data about actual outcomes. Put another way, lagging indicators measure results after changes have happened, letting economists study how a series of events affected the economy. Per the name a lagging indicator shows up after, or “lags behind,” the changes which caused it.
The is an example of a lagging indicator. Every month the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes information on how many jobs the U.S. economy created and destroyed over the course of the previous month. While economists can use this data as the basis for future decisions, it is not a prediction of what the market will do going forward.
Instead, it is a statement of how the labor market performed previously. Data in the jobs report tells economists how their efforts affected the labor market overall. If the Federal Reserve changes interest rates, months later the employment effects will show up in the jobs report.
These results will lag behind the changes which caused them, and inform economists as to how changing interest rates affected employment. Lagging indicators measure the results of a system or a series of decisions. This makes them useful, even while they can frustrate analysts. A lagging indicator is a valuable information because economists can compare them with their predictions to test the strength of a theory.
However, they can also frustrate economists because they provide data about events that have already taken place. By the time a lagging indicator arrives, it’s already too late to change those results. All economists can do is try and make better decisions the next time.
- Leading indicators are data that indicate a likely or potential future outcome.
- Put another way, leading indicators suggest likely changes in the market or the possible results of a series of decisions.
- Per the name, a leading indicator precedes, or “leads,” the changes that it indicates.
- Economists use leading indicators to make predictions about the economy.
When the Federal Reserve changes its benchmark, this is because leading indicators suggested that doing so would help stabilize inflation or raise employment. (The Federal Reserve would then look at the measured inflation rate and the reported unemployment rate, two lagging indicators, to determine the results of those changes.) The quit rate is a good example of a leading indicator.
One of the most important, but rarely reported, pieces of labor data is the percentage of workers who voluntarily leave their jobs every month. This quit rate is a strong indicator of consumer confidence at large. People who feel good about their finances and the labor market will be more likely to leave a job in search of a better one, while workers who feel financially insecure or anxious about the labor market may stay in their positions longer.
This makes the quit rate a very good leading indicator for the labor market and consumer economy overall. By measuring how many people quit their jobs every month economists can predict how the economy as a whole is likely to develop in the months ahead.
A strong quit rate suggests that the economy may do well, as workers are showing signs of financial strength and confidence. A low quit rate can suggest may be coming as workers show signs of financial uncertainty. Leading indicators predict the result of a system or a series of decisions, letting economists use them to influence outcomes down the road.
They can also be frustrating, however, as they are never precise. Leading indicators can suggest what will happen but can never tell for sure. Lagging indicators are sets of data that follow economic events and tell economists the state of the economy, either as it currently is or as it was at some time in the past.
A financial advisor can consider various economic indicators in building and fine-tuning your portfolio. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard, matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can interview your advisor matches at no cost to decide which one is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals,,The field of economics can be confusing, especially if you’re not familiar with the terms. There are that are particularly important to know. The is one of those terms, but it’s also a fairly weak one and has several problems that you should be aware of.
Photo credit: ©iStock.com/ridvan_celik, ©iStock.com/Nikolaev, ©iStock.com/porcorex Eric Reed is a freelance journalist who specializes in economics, policy and global issues, with substantial coverage of finance and personal finance. He has contributed to outlets including The Street, CNBC, Glassdoor and Consumer Reports.
Eric’s work focuses on the human impact of abstract issues, emphasizing analytical journalism that helps readers more fully understand their world and their money. He has reported from more than a dozen countries, with datelines that include Sao Paolo, Brazil; Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and Athens, Greece.
A former attorney, before becoming a journalist Eric worked in securities litigation and white collar criminal defense with a pro bono specialty in human trafficking issues. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School and can be found any given Saturday in the fall cheering on his Wolverines.
What is an example of a safety leading indicator?
Leading Indicators: An Everyday Analogy – Car maintenance provides a simple illustration of how leading indicators work. Here, low engine oil and rising engine temperature are two examples of leading indicators, with the number of breakdowns being a lagging indicator.
How many types of lagging indicators are there?
Key Takeaways Moving Averages, MACD, and Bollinger Bands are three types of lagging indicators. They cannot predict the future as the lagging indicators shift only upon major economic events.
